unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

who published the first atomic theory of matter

A

john dalton

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1
Q

what was the first atom model

A

solid sphere model

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2
Q

what was the second atom model

A

plum pudding model

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3
Q

who discovered electrons

A

J.J. Thompson

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4
Q

who discovered the charge of an atom using the oil drop experiment

A

robert milikan

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5
Q

what was the third atom model

A

nuclear model

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6
Q

who made the plum pudding model

A

J.J. Thompson

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7
Q

who made the nuclear model

A

Ernest Rutherford

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8
Q

who discovered the nucleus using the gold foil experiment

A

Ernest Rutherford

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9
Q

what is an element

A

the simplest form of matter

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10
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical nature of an element

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11
Q

protons and neutrons have the same what

A

mass

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12
Q

how do you find neutrons

A

atomic mass - protons

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13
Q

protons equal what

A

atomic number

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14
Q

what does subatomic mean

A

smaller than an atom

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15
Q

what is an ion

A

an atom that has lost or gained an electron, giving it a charge

16
Q

what is a cation

A

positive charge, lost electrons

17
Q

what is an anion

A

negative charge, gained electrons

18
Q

what is an isotope

A

atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons

19
Q

how do you find weighted atomic mass

A

(abundance 1x mass 1)+( abundance 2 x mass 2)….

20
Q

what unit is used form atomic mass

A

amu

21
Q

what is fusion

A

combination of smaller nuclei to make a larger one, releases energy

22
Q

what is fission

A

splitting of a large nuclei into 2 or more fragments, releases energy

23
Q

all nuclei with more than 83 protons are what

A

unstable

24
Q

what is alpha decay

A

when a helium nucleus is emitted from a radioactive source (decreases the atomic number of an atom by 2)

25
Q

what is beta decay

A

an electron is ejected and a neutron becomes a proton (increases atomic number by one)

26
Q

what is a gamma ray

A

a high energy photon emitted by a radioactive source (does not have any effect on an element)

27
Q

what is a half life

A

the amount of time it takes for one half of a nuclei to decay into a new more stable element

28
Q

how many electrons can the first energy level hold

A

2

29
Q

how many electrons can the second energy level hold

A

8

30
Q

how many electrons can the third energy level hold

A

18

31
Q

how many electrons makes a full shell

A

8

32
Q

what is Aufbau principle

A

electrons occupy lower energy levels first

33
Q

what is pauli exclusion principle

A

electrons can not have the same 4 quantum numbers, so the electrons in an orbital have opposite spins

34
Q

what is hunds rule

A

electrons spread out before they pair up

35
Q

what are orbital diagrams

A

orbitals represented as boxes, arrows