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Biology Semester 1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

Chemistry in Biology

1
Q

homogeneous

A

mixtures that cant easily be separated

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2
Q

heterogeneous

A

mixture that can be easily separated

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3
Q

subatomic particles

A

what an atom is broken down into Electrons, Protons, Neutrons

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4
Q

weight and charge of: protons

A

positive, 1 amu

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5
Q

weight and charge of: Electrons

A

negative, 0 amu

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6
Q

weight and charge of Neutrons

A

neutral, 1 amu

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7
Q

Why do protons and neutrons stay in the middle of the atom and don’t move

A

because they weigh too much: weigh 1 amu

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8
Q

amu stands for:

A

Atomic mass unit

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9
Q

how many e-s can the first orbital hold and why

A

2 because the rest of them repel due to the negative and positive charges

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10
Q

what is the longer word for e-s

A

electron (-)

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11
Q

what is the longer word for p+

A

protons (+)

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12
Q

what is the longer word for n0

A

neutrons (=)

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13
Q

how many electrons can every orbital except for the first one hold?

A

8

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14
Q

what is the greatest amount of valence electrons you can have

A

8

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15
Q

if an element has 14 e-s how many protons does it have?

A

14 p+

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16
Q

how many valence electrons do the alkali metals (first column) have?

A

7

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17
Q

what charge does a cation have?

A

PAWsitive (CATion–>PAWsitive)

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18
Q

ionic bond

A

TRANSFERS e-s to the other elements

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19
Q

covalent bond

A

SHARES e-s with the other elements

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20
Q

what IS a diatomic element?

A

elements that are never found alone in nature

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21
Q

What ARE the 8 diatomic elements? (hint: look for the 7). Don’t forget ______?

A

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
Dont forget Hydrogen

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22
Q

What is an isotope?

A

forms of an element that have different numbers of n0 in the nucleus (EX: B10 and B11) as a result the atomic mass changes

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23
Q

True or false: the #of neutrons are the only thing that changes in an isotope

A

True

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23
Q

True or false: P+ and e-s change in the event of an isotope

A

false

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23
ionic
transfers e-s
24
covalent
shares e-s
25
non-polar covalent bond
when the sharing of e-s in a covlant bond is even
26
polar covalent bond
when the sharing of e-s are uneven
27
the strength of an atom in the tug of war for e-s in known as its _______________
electromagnitivity
28
what elements have the most electromagnitivity
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
29
how many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule
2
30
what kind of atoms are in a water molecule
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
31
How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule
1
32
water molecule
H2O 2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen
33
Each water molecule has two hydrogen atoms which are partially _________ and one Oxygen atom which is partially __________
positive Negative
34
one pole of a water molecule attracted to poles of another water molecule is known as what
hydrogen bonds
35
what is it called when a substance mixes with water?
polar and hydrophilic
36
What is it called when a substance (like oil) does not mix with water
non-polar and hydrophobic
37
water molecules wanting to cling to one another refers its what
cohesion
38
adhesion
water clinging to molecules other than water
39
cohesion
water to water
40
water molecule clinging to a molecule other than water
adhesion
41
what is homeostasis
on organism using energy to keep a constant internal condition to keep it healthy
42
what does the process of homeostasis remind you of
a thermometer
43
nerve cells are also known as what
neurons
44
what determines the shape of a molecule
the function or job of the molecule
45
What is the thing being dissolved in a solution called
solute
45
what side of the arrow is placed on the left of the arrow when writing a chemical reaction
reactant
46
what is the thing the solute is being dissolved into when making a solution called
solvent
47
what side of the arrow is placed on the right of the arrow when writing a chemical reaction
products
48
physical properties
color, texture, odor
49
chemical properties
only observable during reactions
50
Define matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
51
what is the definition of a mixture?
2 or more substances physically mixed together but not chemically combined
52
what is the definition of an element
pure substance, made up of atoms, that cannot be broken down into simpler matter by ordinary chemical means (simplest pure substance)
53
what is the definition of an atom?
the smallest unit of matter that retains the physical and chemical properties of its element
54
what can an amu (atomic mass unit) also be called
a dalton
54
what is a chemical symbol?
abbreviation of element
55
what is an atomic #
of p+ or #e-
56
what is an atomic mass?
indicates # of p+ plus n0
57
what must the atomic number be to have a stable element?
equal
58
What does the C in CHONPS stand for
Carbon
59
What does the H in CHONPS stand for
Hydrogen
60
What does the O in CHONPS stand for
Oxygen
61
What does the S in CHONPS stand for
Sulfur
61
What does the P in CHONPS stand for
Phosphorous
62
What does the N in CHONPS stand for
Nitrogen
63
what are valence electrons?
the electrons that are in the outermost orbital
64
what is the definition of electronegativity?
an atoms ability to attract and hold e-s
65
what is a compound?
a combination of elements in certain specific ratios which can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical change
66
What does the O in CHOPE stand for
odor
67
What does the P in CHOPE stand for
precipitation
67
What does the C in CHOPE stand for
color change
67
What does the H in CHOPE stand for
heat change
68
what is the definition of a hydrogen bond?
weak attractions that form when some polar molecules stick together
69
What does the E in CHOPE stand for
effervescence
70
What is effervescence
a gas formation
71
What color will the blue litmus paper change if you put acids on it
red
72
what color will the red litmus paper change if you put a base on it
blue

Biology Semester 1 (4 decks)

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