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Biology Semester 1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

Chemistry in Biology

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1
Q

homogeneous

A

mixtures that cant easily be separated

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2
Q

heterogeneous

A

mixture that can be easily separated

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3
Q

subatomic particles

A

what an atom is broken down into Electrons, Protons, Neutrons

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4
Q

weight and charge of: protons

A

positive, 1 amu

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5
Q

weight and charge of: Electrons

A

negative, 0 amu

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6
Q

weight and charge of Neutrons

A

neutral, 1 amu

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7
Q

Why do protons and neutrons stay in the middle of the atom and don’t move

A

because they weigh too much: weigh 1 amu

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8
Q

amu stands for:

A

Atomic mass unit

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9
Q

how many e-s can the first orbital hold and why

A

2 because the rest of them repel due to the negative and positive charges

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10
Q

what is the longer word for e-s

A

electron (-)

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11
Q

what is the longer word for p+

A

protons (+)

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12
Q

what is the longer word for n0

A

neutrons (=)

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13
Q

how many electrons can every orbital except for the first one hold?

A

8

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14
Q

what is the greatest amount of valence electrons you can have

A

8

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15
Q

if an element has 14 e-s how many protons does it have?

A

14 p+

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16
Q

how many valence electrons do the alkali metals (first column) have?

A

7

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17
Q

what charge does a cation have?

A

PAWsitive (CATion–>PAWsitive)

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18
Q

ionic bond

A

TRANSFERS e-s to the other elements

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19
Q

covalent bond

A

SHARES e-s with the other elements

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20
Q

what IS a diatomic element?

A

elements that are never found alone in nature

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21
Q

What ARE the 8 diatomic elements? (hint: look for the 7). Don’t forget ______?

A

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
Dont forget Hydrogen

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22
Q

What is an isotope?

A

forms of an element that have different numbers of n0 in the nucleus (EX: B10 and B11) as a result the atomic mass changes

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23
Q

True or false: the #of neutrons are the only thing that changes in an isotope

A

True

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23
Q

True or false: P+ and e-s change in the event of an isotope

A

false

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23
Q

ionic

A

transfers e-s

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24
Q

covalent

A

shares e-s

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25
Q

non-polar covalent bond

A

when the sharing of e-s in a covlant bond is even

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26
Q

polar covalent bond

A

when the sharing of e-s are uneven

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27
Q

the strength of an atom in the tug of war for e-s in known as its _______________

A

electromagnitivity

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28
Q

what elements have the most electromagnitivity

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine

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29
Q

how many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule

A

2

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30
Q

what kind of atoms are in a water molecule

A

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

31
Q

How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule

A

1

32
Q

water molecule

A

H2O
2 Hydrogen
1 Oxygen

33
Q

Each water molecule has two hydrogen atoms which are partially _________ and one Oxygen atom which is partially __________

A

positive

Negative

34
Q

one pole of a water molecule attracted to poles of another water molecule is known as what

A

hydrogen bonds

35
Q

what is it called when a substance mixes with water?

A

polar and hydrophilic

36
Q

What is it called when a substance (like oil) does not mix with water

A

non-polar and hydrophobic

37
Q

water molecules wanting to cling to one another refers its what

A

cohesion

38
Q

adhesion

A

water clinging to molecules other than water

39
Q

cohesion

A

water to water

40
Q

water molecule clinging to a molecule other than water

A

adhesion

41
Q

what is homeostasis

A

on organism using energy to keep a constant internal condition to keep it healthy

42
Q

what does the process of homeostasis remind you of

A

a thermometer

43
Q

nerve cells are also known as what

A

neurons

44
Q

what determines the shape of a molecule

A

the function or job of the molecule

45
Q

What is the thing being dissolved in a solution called

A

solute

45
Q

what side of the arrow is placed on the left of the arrow when writing a chemical reaction

A

reactant

46
Q

what is the thing the solute is being dissolved into when making a solution called

A

solvent

47
Q

what side of the arrow is placed on the right of the arrow when writing a chemical reaction

A

products

48
Q

physical properties

A

color, texture, odor

49
Q

chemical properties

A

only observable during reactions

50
Q

Define matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

51
Q

what is the definition of a mixture?

A

2 or more substances physically mixed together but not chemically combined

52
Q

what is the definition of an element

A

pure substance, made up of atoms, that cannot be broken down into simpler matter by ordinary chemical means (simplest pure substance)

53
Q

what is the definition of an atom?

A

the smallest unit of matter that retains the physical and chemical properties of its element

54
Q

what can an amu (atomic mass unit) also be called

A

a dalton

54
Q

what is a chemical symbol?

A

abbreviation of element

55
Q

what is an atomic #

A

of p+ or #e-

56
Q

what is an atomic mass?

A

indicates # of p+ plus n0

57
Q

what must the atomic number be to have a stable element?

A

equal

58
Q

What does the C in CHONPS stand for

A

Carbon

59
Q

What does the H in CHONPS stand for

A

Hydrogen

60
Q

What does the O in CHONPS stand for

A

Oxygen

61
Q

What does the S in CHONPS stand for

A

Sulfur

61
Q

What does the P in CHONPS stand for

A

Phosphorous

62
Q

What does the N in CHONPS stand for

A

Nitrogen

63
Q

what are valence electrons?

A

the electrons that are in the outermost orbital

64
Q

what is the definition of electronegativity?

A

an atoms ability to attract and hold e-s

65
Q

what is a compound?

A

a combination of elements in certain specific ratios which can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical change

66
Q

What does the O in CHOPE stand for

A

odor

67
Q

What does the P in CHOPE stand for

A

precipitation

67
Q

What does the C in CHOPE stand for

A

color change

67
Q

What does the H in CHOPE stand for

A

heat change

68
Q

what is the definition of a hydrogen bond?

A

weak attractions that form when some polar molecules stick together

69
Q

What does the E in CHOPE stand for

A

effervescence

70
Q

What is effervescence

A

a gas formation

71
Q

What color will the blue litmus paper change if you put acids on it

A

red

72
Q

what color will the red litmus paper change if you put a base on it

A

blue

Biology Semester 1 (4 decks)

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