Unit 2

Question 1

3 types of Biodiversity

Answer 1

ecosystem Diversity, species Diversity, genetic diversity

Question 2

ecosystem diversity

Answer 2

the number of different habitats available in a given area

Question 3

species diversity

Answer 3

the number of different species in an ecosystem

Question 4

genetic diversity

Answer 4

how different the genes are of individuals within a population.

Question 5

Species richness

Answer 5

the ammount of different species found in an ecosystem

Question 6

species evenness

Answer 6

the distribution of different species

Question 7

More genetic diversity=

Answer 7

more capable of surviving ecological disturbances

Question 8

bottleneck effect

Answer 8

an environmental disturbance that reduces population and kills organisms regardless of their genes

Question 9

Bottleneck events _________ genetic diversity

Answer 9

reduce

Question 10

4 types of ecosystem services:

Answer 10

provisioning, regulating, supporting, cultural

Question 11

Provisioning services

Answer 11

goods taken from ecosystems or made using natural resources (fishing, hunting, lumbar)

Question 12

Regulating services

Answer 12

when natural ecosystems regulate climate/air quality (trees reducing CO2)

Question 13

Supporting services

Answer 13

when natural ecosystems support processes we do ourselves, make them cheaper or easier (bees pollinating crops, wetlands filtering ground water)

Question 14

Cultural Services

Answer 14

revenue from recreational activities & profits from scientific discoveries

Question 15

3 types of natural disturbances:

Answer 15

periodic: occurs with regular frequency (wet and dry seasons)
Episodic: occasional events with irregular frequency (hurricanes, droughts, fires)
Random: no regular frequency (volcanos, earthquakes)

Question 16

Speed of evolution is based on____________

Answer 16

lifespan of the organism

Question 17

Ecological Succession

Answer 17

A series of predictable stages of growth that a forest goes through

Question 18

Two types of sucession

Answer 18

Primary succession: starts from bare rock in an area with no previous soil
Secondary succession: starts from already established soil in an area where a disturbance has taken place.

Question 19

Pioneering species (or early sucessional species)

Answer 19

species that appear first when the ground is bare rock or soil.
-tolerant of shallow soil and full sun

Question 20

Mid-Successional Species

Answer 20

species that appear after pioneer species have helped developed soil depth.
-relatively fast growing, large plants, sun tolerant

Question 21

Late successional or climax community

Answer 21

Species that appear last after soil has deepened and enriched with nutrients.
-large slow growing trees, shade tolerant, large root networks

Question 22

Specialist

Answer 22

animals that require very unique resources

Question 23

Generalists

Answer 23

organisms that are adaptable to many environment conditions (wide niche)