Unit 2

Question 1

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Complex Carbohydrates - Foods with complex carbohydrates provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber that are important to the health of an individual. Sources of complex carbohydrates include the following:

Breads and cereals
Pasta
Starchy vegetables (e.g., potatoes, cassava)
Legumes (e.g., beans)
Rice
Corn

Simple Carbohydrates - include sugars found naturally in foods such as milk and fruit, as well as sugars added during processing, refining, and baking.

Question 2

What is dietary fiber

Answer 2

Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate, but unlike other carbohydrates, it cannot be digested and therefore does not have any calories. Fiber is commonly classified as either soluble, which dissolves in water, or insoluble, which does not dissolve in water. Sources of fiber include the following:

Whole grains and whole-grain cereals
Whole fruit
Vegetables
Nuts and seeds
Beans and legumes

Question 3

What are “complete” proteins

Answer 3

means that they supply all of the amino acids the human body cannot make on its own

Question 4

How many calories are in a gram of each macro nutrient

Answer 4

carbohydrates - 4 calories per gram
protein - 4 calories per gram
fat - nine calories per gram

Question 5

What are the different types of Fats in Food

Answer 5

Unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) are considered “good” fats and can promote health if eaten in the right amounts. They tend to be liquid at room temperature and are known as oils.
Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature. They have a negative effect on heart health because they raise blood lipid and cholesterol levels.
Trans fats are created during conversion of oils into solid fats and naturally found in some foods. They are typically solid at room temperature and have a negative effect on heart health because they raise blood cholesterol levels.

Question 6

What are minerals

Answer 6

elements that are not broken down, and they are not created by plants and animals. Minerals are absorbed by plants and animals through the soil and food.

Question 7

What are the 4 important minerals

Answer 7

Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Iron

Question 8

What are the important vitamins

Answer 8

Vitamin A

B vitamins (B - complex)

Thiamine (B-1)

Riboflavin (B-2)

Niacin (B-3)

Pantothenic acid (B-5)

Biotin

Vitamin B-6

Cobalamin (B-12)

Folate

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Question 9

What are the 5 dietary guidelines

Answer 9

Follow a healthy eating pattern across the life span.
Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats, and reduce sodium intake.
Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
Support healthy eating patterns in all situations.

Question 10

What is the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance

Answer 10

food allergies involve the immune system overreacting to a food that has a specific protein and an intolerance is a chemical reaction to a particular food, drink, or nutrient

Question 11

What is BMI

Answer 11

a screening tool to evaluate whether an individual is overweight or obese

Question 12

What are the benefits of a healthy body weight

Answer 12

reduces the risks of -

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes
Some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon, kidney, gallbladder, and liver)
Infertility
Sleep apnea
Asthma
Arthritis and gallstones