UNIT 2 Flashcards
THREE
DETERMINANTS OF
MORALITY
ACT ITSELF, INTENTION
& CIRCUMSTANCES
These three answers the questions of the
badness or the goodness of the human
actions
ACT ITSELF, INTENTION
& CIRCUMSTANCES
Meant WHAT THE FREE WILL CHOOSES
TO DO– in thought, word, or deed-or
chooses not to do
ACT ITSELF
WHAT IS INTRINSICALLY EVIL?
Suicide, euthanasia, abortion and
the use of contraception
Meant the PURPOSE FOR WHICH THE
ACT IS WILLED
INTENTION
may be the act
itself (as one of loving God) or some other
purpose for which a person acts
(as reading to learn)
INTENTION
Meant all the elements that surround a
human action and AFFECT ITS MORALITY
WITHOUT BELONGING TO ITS ESSENCE.
CIRCUMSTANCES
Who? Where? How? How much?
By what means? How often?
CIRCUMSTANCES
3 CIRCUMSTANCES
-AGGRAVATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
-MITIGATING OR
EXTENUATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
-JUSTIFYING
CIRCUMSTANCES
Those which add to the seriousness of
the offense
AGGRAVATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
In the case of murder, ______ are conspiracy, profession
of the murderer, taking advantage of
one’s position in the government.
AGGRAVATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
Those that lessen or palliate the gravity
of a crime
MITIGATING OR
EXTENUATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
In the case of murder, _______: provocation; lack of full
consent or knowledge; no intention to kill.
MITIGATING OR
EXTENUATING
CIRCUMSTANCES
Those that make the doing of an act
right; so that there is no crime
committed nor is there any criminal or
civil liability.
JUSTIFYING
CIRCUMSTANCES
TO BE MORALLY GOOD, A HUMAN ACT
MUST NOT AGREE WITH THE NORM OF
MORALITY ON ALL THREE COUNTS:
IN ITS NATURE OR ACT, ITS
INTENTION, AND ITS CIRCUMSTANCES. T or F?
F
“Human creatures are the MOST SELFCONSCIOUS ANIMALS” which allow them
to develop “BASIC EMOTIONAL
RESPONSES” and generate more rational
methods to help them survive. This is the
difference between humans and animals.
said by who
- Simons, I., 2009
for survival and innate social responsibilities
The Role of our Emotions is
The Role of our Emotions is for
survival and innate social
responsibilities
said by who
Philosophy Professor Jordi Valverdu
According to Dr. Simons and Professor
Valverdu, the_____ is
primarily for the survival of the
species. This helps us and be on the
most level of the food chain for
hundreds of years.
role of our emotions
According to ________, the role of our emotions is
primarily for the survival of the
species. This helps us and be on the
most level of the food chain for
hundreds of years.
Dr. Simons and Professor
Valverdu
Our ancestor’s primary tool for survival
FIGHT OR
FLIGHT
In this mode- bodies became tense, muscles
tighten, lips dry and consciousness became
alert.
FIGHT OR
FLIGHT
This response is triggered by “fear” which
people feel when they sense potential threat
or a hazard.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
feeling is always a bad thing for humans
t or f
f
Bodies automatically shift to a fight mode
when we feel afraid which is then triggered by
a sense of danger around us.
Aside from survival, we also use our
______ to communicate with one
another.
feelings
is a helpful tool to keep us from
getting hurt in the past.
fear
Fear is a helpful tool to keep us from
getting hurt in the past.
said by who
charles darwin
THREE PRINCIPLES IN
UNDERSTANDING
EMOTIONS AS RESPONSE
TO EXPERIENCE
- PRINCIPLE OF
FUNCTIONAL HABITS - PRINCIPLE OF
ANTAGONISTIC-THESIS - PRINCIPLE OF INVOLVEMENT
OF THE ENTHUSED NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Emotional responses are useful
expressive habits based on
experience.
PRINCIPLE OF
FUNCTIONAL HABITS
are useful
expressive habits based on
experience.
Emotional responses
e.g. Lifting of eyebrows when
stunned, the gnarling of teeth when
furious, and sneer when enrage
PRINCIPLE OF
FUNCTIONAL HABITS
The purpose of emotional responses is
for communication clarity. It is the
opposite of serviceable habits.
PRINCIPLE OF
ANTAGONISTIC-THESIS
e.g. Gaping mouth shows wonder or
lack of understanding and the
shrugging of shoulders indicates
passive expressions
PRINCIPLE OF
ANTAGONISTIC-THESIS
The nervous system needs to
discharge excess energy.
PRINCIPLE OF INVOLVEMENT
OF THE ENTHUSED NERVOUS
SYSTEM
e.g. The amusement is a quasiconvulsive motion that explodes an
overflow of nervous energy that was
induced by either
physical/psychological tension
PRINCIPLE OF INVOLVEMENT
OF THE ENTHUSED NERVOUS
SYSTEM
EXCESS OF THESE FEELINGS CAN
CLOUD OUR MINDS from being able
to decide properly, particularly if
under extreme happiness, sadness,
or fear.
t or f?
t
REQUIREMENT OF
MORALITY
reason and impartiality
The capacity to see the interconnectedness
of things and the logic behind the processes
involved.
reason
one looks for the
causes and effects of actions and provides
supports for a hypothesis.
reason
The principle of detaching oneself from any
form of bias and prejudice in order to come
up with an objective criterion that is free
from unfair and unequal treatment of one
type of person to another.
impartiality
SHOULD WE
COMPLETELY REFRAIN
FROM LISTENING TO
OUR FEELINGS?
The answer is NO.
We should LEARN HOW TO BALANCE
OUR FEELINGS AND RATIONAL MIND.
Our feelings let us get in touch with
our humanity.
make us see things clearer as it
pushes us to be objective and detach
ourselves from our selfish desires
REASON and IMPARTIALITY
