Unit 2✔️ Flashcards
Computing Device
a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
Computing System
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Computing Network
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Path:
the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver
bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.
protocol
an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
IP address
the unique number assigned to each device on the internet
Internet Protocol
a protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Router
A type of computer that forwards data across a network
redundancy
the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.
Fault tolerance
can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups
transmission control Protocol(tcp)
A protocol for sending packets that does error checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered. If packets are missing, it will send a request for the missing packets.
http
HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet
internet
a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols. Protocols of the internet are open and used by all devices connected to the network. The protocols of the internet were designed to scale as new devices were added.
packet
A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided up into packets that may arrive in order, out of order, or not at all
Packet Metadata
Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.
Routing
The process of finding a path from sender to receiver.
UDP
A protocol used on the internet for fast transmission of information but with minimal error checking
World Wide Web
A system of linked pages, programs, and files.
Router
A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Certificate authority
Issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model.
Digital Divide
Differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
The IETF develops and oversees standards such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), Internet protocol (IP), and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP).
Scalability
The property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to the system. The internet is scalable because it can add more routers, wired connections, DNS servers, IP addresses, etc.
Redundant Networks
When a network contains redundant connections, the network can continue to function in the event of slowdowns or disconnections in specific parts of the network.
