Unit 2 Flashcards
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Indication for use
- CNS, abdominal organs, bones, joints, skin, and soft tissue bacterial infections
- colorectal, abdominal, gynecology surgery prophylaxis
- C. difficle infections
Propranolol (Inderal)
Class
Pharmacologic: nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: first-generation beta blocker
Isoniazid
ADE
- Hepatotoxicity
- peripheral neuropathy
- CNS, GI effects
-Allergies
Cancer chemotherapy safety alerts
- High alert medication: can cause devastating effects to patients in the event of a medication error
- Hazardous drug requiring special handling
Leuprolide (Lupron)
Class
Pharmacologic: GnRH agonist
Therapeutic: androgen deprivation therapy/prostate cancer
Amphotericin B (AmBisome)
indication for use
systemic fungal infections
Penicillin G
cross-sensitivity
to cephalosporins
Cyclophosphamide (generic only)
class
Pharmacologic: Alkylating agent
Therapeutic: Cytotoxic/anticancer
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
lab values
can increase WBCs over 100,000 mm3
WBC differential (especially neutrophils)
Cephalexin (Keflex)
ADE
hemolytic anemia
thrombophlebitis
bleeding
allergic reactions
C. diff infections
milk-protein hypersensitivity
carnitine deficiency
Clonidine (Catapres)
ADE
Xerostemia
rebound hypertension
drowsiness
toxic in pregnancy
potential for abuse
Warfarin (Coumadin)
lab values
INR 2-3
Heparin (unfractionated)
indication for use
venous thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
pregnancy
renal dialysis
disseminated intravascular coagulation
open heart surgery
Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
indication for use
migraine headaches
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
class
Pharmacologic: Weakens the fungal cell wall: Azole
Therapeutic: broad-spectrum antifungal
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMZ] (Bactrim, Septra)
potency
more potent together than separate
Gentamicin
ADE
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
class
Pharmacologic: beta-selective adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: sympathomimetic catecholamine
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
MOA
inhibits transpeptidases, activating autolysins to break down and destroy cell wall, resulting in bacterial ell lysis and death
Oprelevkin (Interleukin-11)
MOA
Promotes proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, which increases synthesis of megakaryocytes, creating many new platelets
Ectoparasiticides
indication for use
lice
scabies
ticks
mites
fleas
Tetracycline
MOA
binds to 30s ribosomal subunits, stopping addition of amino acids to peptide chain, stopping protein synthesis, resulting in suppression of bacterial growth
Alteplase (Activase, tPA)
indication for use
acute MI
acute ischemic stroke
acute massive pulmonary embolism
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Antidote
Atropine (AtroPen)
Imipenem (Primaxin)
MOA
Binds to PBP 1 and PBP 2 receptors,
weakens bacterial cell wall,
rupturing and killing bacterial cell
Permethrin (Nix, Elimite)
MOA
disrupts nerve traffic in parasite, causing paralysis and death
Interferon alfa 2A
MOA
binds to cell-surface receptors, enhancing immune response, keeping G0 dormant stopping proliferation of cancer cells
Aspirin (ASA)
class
Pharmacologic: COX Inhibitor
Therapeutic: antiplatelet
Epoetin alfa (Epogen)
MOA
stimulates production of red blood cells in the bone marrow
Dopamine (generic only)
class
Pharmacologic: dose-dependent adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: sympathomimetic catecholamine
Albuterol (ventolin)
MOA
binds to beta2 adrenergic receptors
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Morphine (Duramorph) and Meperidine (Demerol)
class
Pharmacologic: Pure opioid agonist
Therapeutic: opioid analgesic
Metoprolol (lopressor)
class
Pharmacologic: selective beta1 adrenergic antagonist
Therapeutic: second generation beta blocker
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
indication for use
Varicella zoster infections
Mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections
Herpes simplex genitalis
Ergotamine
MOA
activates 5HT1b and d receptors of intracranial blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction, suppression of inflammatory neuropeptides
Prozosin (Minipress)
ADE
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
nasal congestion
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
ADE
tendinitis/tendon rupture
phototoxicity
GI, CNS reactions
C. diff infections
Candida infections of pharynx/vagina
Rifampin (Rifadin)
class
Pharmacologic: Bactericidal inhibitor of protein synthesis
Therapeutic: Broad-spectrum antibiotic/antitubercular
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
indication for use
MRSA and S. epidermidis infections
C. diff infections
Severe infections in patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics
Pancuronium
therapeutic effect
Muscle relaxer for surgery, mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
class
Pharmacologic: Adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: Sympathomimetic catecholamine
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
class
Pharmacologic: Antimetabolite/folic acid analog
Therapeutic: Cytotoxic/anticancer
Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
indication for use
neoplastic diseases
solid tumors and disseminated cancers
Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
sarcomas of soft tissue and bone
carcinomas of lung, stomach, breast, ovary, testes, thyroid
Erythromycin
cytochrome P450
inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, stopping bacterial protein synthesis
affects PQRST interval
Neostigmine (Bloxiverz)
indication for use
Myasthenia gravis
Reversal of competitive (nondepolarizing) neuromuscular blockade
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
indication for use/timing
Indication: Influenza A and B
Timing: 75mg 2x/day, effects within 48 hours
Tramadol (ultram)
class
Pharmacologic: Non-opioid centrally acting agonist
Therapeutic: Non-opioid analgesic
Tamoxifen (Soltamox)
indication for use
treatment and prevention of breast cancer
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
MOA
irreversibly blocks receptors on platelet stopping platelet aggregation
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
ADE
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatotoxicity
birth defects
hematologic effects
pulmonary reactions
GI effects
