Unit 2 Flashcards
Euceme
The habitable areas of the world
Factors that influence population distribution
Natural, economic, social, political
Arithmetic population density
Doesn’t account for uneven distribution
Physiological population distribution
Displays carrying capacity
Agricultural population density
Shows level of country’s economic development
Population structure
The percentage of different ages and genders that compose population
Population pyramid
Shows the population structure of location; used to asses population growth/decline to predict future need for goods/services
Dependency ratio
Number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in working age group multiplied by 100
Sex ratio
Proportion of males to females in population
Crude birth rate
Number of births per year multiplied by 100
Total fertility rate
Average number of children who would be born per woman in childbearing years
Life expectancy
Number of years average person will live
Crude death rate
Number of deaths per year per 1000 people
Infant mortality rate
Number of children who die before one year of age
Natural increase rate
CBR-CDR/10; doesn’t account for migration
Population growth rate
Accounts for migration
Doubling time
Number of years it will take for population to double
Demography
Study of population statistics
DTM
Used by geographers to predict trends in population growth/decline, such as birth, death, and natural increase rates
Epidemiological transition Model
Predictable stages in life expectancy that countries experience as they develop
Stage 1
Low growth; high TFR, short life expectancy
Stage 2
Rapid growth; CBR remains same, improved nutrition/sanitation
Mostly LDC, some MDC
Stage 3
Growth slows; urbanization reduce child labor, life expectancy increases
Mostly LDC, some MDC
Stage 4
Low growth; improved sanitation, higher life expectancy. Only MDC
Carrying capacity
The amount of population that a location can support without harming the environment
Malthusian Theory
Population grows exponentially while food output grows arithmetically; food shortages inevitable
Boserup’s theory
Food supply is impacted directly by population growth
Pronatalist policies
Government programs designed to increase fertility rates and accelerate population growth (stage 4/5 countries)
Antenatal it’s policies
Government programs designed to decrease fertility rates and slow population growth (stage 2 countries)
Migration
Permanent or semipermanent relocation of people
Immigration
Into a place
Emigration
Out of a place
Push factors
Negative circumstances that cause people to move away
Pull factors
Positive circumstances that cause people to move to a location
Intervening obstacles
Barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel
Intervening opportunities
Opportunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling
Voluntary migration
People migrate due to their own choices
Transitional migration
Migration from one country to another
Internal migration
Travel within country’s borders
Transhumance
Traditional migration of nomadic herders move livestock from high elevations in summer to low elevations in winter
Chain migration
Immigrants migrate to location for reunification of families, friends, communities
Step migration
Migration typically occurs in steps
Rural to urban migration
Most typical migration
Guest worker
Migrants who travel internationally to find temporary work
Involuntary migration
Propel relocate due to fears of violence/ survival
Refugees
Someone who has been forced out of country due to persecution, violence, or war
Internally displaced persons
Forced to flee, but never cross border
Asylum seekers
People flee country to seek sanctuary and legal protection/assistance from country. Apply and are approved by country
Enslaved persons
Human trafficking, forced to leave and work involuntarily
