Unit 2 Flashcards
anatomy of spine
cervical- 7
thoracic- 12
lumbar- 5
sacral-5
movements of spine
flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, rotation
sports with the highest cervical injuries
ice hockey, football, gymnastics, rugby, diving
most common MOI for cervical fracture
the axial load of cervical vertebrae from force to top of head combined with flexion of neck resulting in anterior compression fracture
most common MOI for cervical fracture
axial load from the top of head with flexion of neck
whiplash and stinger/burner
most common injured disk
L4-L5
which anatomical position causes the most pressure
sitting bent while the way forward causes 65% increased pressure
signs and symptoms of herniated lumbar disk
sharp localized pain, weakness of lower limbs, worse in the morning, sitting and/or bending increase pain, back bending decreased pain
common signs and symptoms for Bracial Plexus Neuropraxia (stinger/burner)
numbness, tingling, radiation towards fingers, with loss of some function lasting for few minutes
management of herniated disk after conservative treatment
epidural injection with continued, last resort should always be surgery
a common injury to the wrist and often mishandled
wrist sprain
what structures run under carpal tunnel
the median nerve and flexor tendons
test for carpal tunnel
Phalen’s test
- downward praying hands
de Quervain’s syndrome test
Finkelstein’s tests
- grab thumb within 4 fingers and stretch thumb downward
most commonly fractured carpal bone and its management
scaphoid
- surgical intervention
best management for sublingual hematoma
release pressure with cautery tool
MOI of hamate fracture
check-swing in baseball, but particularly from contact with holding implement
ganglion cyst
which is a more serious Jersey finger and trigger finger
Jersey finger- flexor tendon rupture
Trigger finger- locked in flexion due to stenosing tenosynovitis
management for mallet finger
splint immediatly
joints of which mallet finger and boutonnieres injuries occur
mallet finger- distal interphalangeal joint
boutonnieres deformity- proximal interphalangeal joint
gamekeepers thumb
sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of metacarpal phalangeal joint
boxers fracture (metacarpal fracture)
fracture of the 5th metacarpal
olecranon bursitis
sports with most ulnar collateral ligament injuries
baseball
Tennis elbow anatomical name
lateral epicondylosis
little league/golfers elbow anatomical name
medial epicondylosis
where does pronation and supination occur
radioulnar joint
Cubital tunnel syndrome (funny bone)
ulnar nerve
s&s- pain on the medial aspect of the elbow, numbness/ tingling into 4th and 5th finger, hand pain, grip weakness
the function of MCL in the elbow
valgus force/stability
ligaments of the shoulder
sternoclavicular lig, acromiocalvicular lig, coracoacromial lig, glenohumeral lig.
rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
common MOI for AC lig sprain
direct blow, FOOSH, falling on top of shoulder,
common dislocation direction of the shoulder and complication that comes with shoulder dislocation
anterior and inferior
Hill Sachs lesion
signs and symptoms of shoulder dislocation
deformity, limited ROM, pain, discoloration in hand or fingers
anatomical name for frozen shoulder
adhesive capsulitis
2 types of thoracic outlet syndrome and its signs and symptoms
neurological and vasculature
paresthesia and pain in fingers, swelling of the hand, cold sensation, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, radial nerve palsy, positive Allen’s test
aspirate and ecchymosis
drain and discoloration
