Unit 1 Flashcards
athletic training definition
healthcare providers that are responsible for the prevention, rehabilitation, and management of injuries as well as the overall well-being of their active patients
different career setting for ATs
college/university, PT clinics, hospitals, law enforcement, corporate, military/government, youth sports, fitness clubs, firefighting
requirements for certification
accredited master program, board of certification, and director confirmation
the purpose of PPE (preparticipation exam)
- identity at risk athletes
- comparison from year to year
- protect the institution and decrease liability issues
- provide a safe environment for athletes
components of PPE
- history
- patient check-in (paperwork, fees)
- physical exam (height, weight, vision)
- orthopedic screening (r/o pre-existing conditions)
- concussion baseline test (GSC, BESS, impact testing)
- physicians exam (history review, heart, and lungs, eyes, ears, nose, referral, clearance)
- mental health screening
balance error scoring system
tests for balance on each foot, blinded balancing, foam pad balancing,
impact testing
tests visual and verbal memory, reaction time, and processing speed
negligence
failure to use reasonable care
tort
legal wrong committed against the person or property of another
nonfeasance (act of omission)
an individual fails to perform a legal duty
malfeasance (act of commission)
an individual does something, but improperly, that she or he has the legal right to do
ways to reduce the risk of litigation
- establish a good relationship with athletes, patients, parents, clients, coworkers
- establish policies and guidelines
- develop EAPs
- keep accurate documentation
- detailed job description
- written consent to provide care
- don’t use faulty equipment
acute
sudden onset
chronic
occurring over long period of time
tendon
connective tissue connecting bone to muscle
ligament
connective tissue connecting two bones or joint
strain
injury to muscle or tendon
sprain
injury to ligament
open/closed chain
the upper or lower extremity is either not fixed or fixed
palpation
to touch or feel someone or a structure
isometric
muscle contraction without movement
isotonic
muscle contraction incorporating both concentric and eccentric contraction
tendinitis
acute inflammation of a tendon
tendinosis
chronic condition due to overuse leading to degeneration of a tendon
bilateral
refers to both sides
unilateral
referring to one side
ipsilateral
referring to the same side
contusion
injured tissue or skin capillaries that have ruptured
power
amount of work over time
strength
the ability of a muscle to generate force against some resistance
muscular contractions
isometric contractions, concentric contraction, eccentric contraction, econcentric contraction
isometric contraction
muscles contraction with no change in length
concentric contraction
muscles shortening during contraction
eccentric contractions
muscle lengthening during contraction
econcentric contraction
combines both controlled concentric and eccentric
isometric advantages and disadvantages
advantage- easy to apply, little space required, good for stabilizing muscles, used in rehab
disadvantage- can be boring, no hypertrophy, holding breath, cheating
isotonic advantages and disadvantages
advantages- hypertrophy, multidirectional, motivating
disadvantages- space needed, spotting, cheating, weight cant be greater than weakest part of ROM
open/closed chain examples
open chain lower extremities: soccer
open chain upper extremities: volleyball
close chain lower extremities: squats
close chain upper extremities: push ups
3 phases of healing
- inflammatory response
- fibroblastic repair
- maturation remodeling
what can impede healing?
the extent of injury, edema, poor vascular supply, infection, muscle spasm
heat transfer mechanisms
conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation, conversion
conduction
heat transferred through direct contact
convection
heat transferred through movement of fluids or gases
evaporation
turning liquid to vapor
radiation
heat transferred from one subject in space to another
conversion
generation of heat from an energy source
physiological effects of heat and cold
heat- vasodilation, increased blood flow, decrease muscle guarding, decrease pain perception, increase metabolic rate, increase collagen elasticity, decrease joint stiffness, increase capillary permeability, increase edema
cold- vasoconstriction, decrease blood flow, decrease muscle guarding, decrease pain perception, decrease metabolic rate, decrease collagen elasticity, increase capillary permeability
thermotherapy examples
heat packs, hot whirlpools, massage, ultrasound, radial pulse, active exercise
cryotherapy examples
ice bags, ice baths, ice massages, cold compression, cyrowand
evaluation process
- history- MOI, location, pain level, acute or chronic
- observation- demeanor, deformity, movement
palpation - ROM- active, passive
- MMT- 1-5
- Special Tests- r/o an injury
- Neurological/circulatory- sensory, motor, reflexes, capillary return
- assessment/diagnosis
- plan of management
Functional screening test
functional movement screen, landing error scoring system, overhead squat, single leg squat, tuck jump test
tendon/ muscles injuries
compression, tension, shearing, bending (fractures), torsion (spiral and oblique fractures)
grade 1 muscles strain
some fibers have been stretched or actually torn
grade 2 muscles strain
a number of fibers have been torn (can feel a depression or divot)
grade 3 muscle strain
complete rupture of muscle has occurred (significant impairment)
Spring ligament of foot
plantar calcaneonavicular
arches of foot
metatarsal arch, transverse arch, medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch
arch abnormailites
pes cavus- high arch (Achilles shortening, excessive supination)
pes planus- flat foot (pain in medial arch)
Jones fracture
base of 5th metatarsal
bunions
head of 1st deformity, over-pronation, flexor and extensor tendon maligned
bones of ankle
tibia, fibula, lateral and medial malleolus, calcaneus , talus
movements of ankle
inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, planter flexion
Ottawa ankle rules
tenderness on the base of the 5th metatarsal
cannot walk more than 4 steps
point tender over the medial or lateral distal malleolus
tenderness over the navicular bone
management for acute ankle sprain
PICE, immobilize for 1-2 days, massage
high ankle sprain lig
tibiofibular ligament
test for Achilles rupture
Thompsons test (squeeze calf)
rehab tecniques for ankle
balance training, ROM, Achilles stretch, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
meniscus function
support, cushion, stabilize
hamstring muscles
bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
MOI for MCL
direct contact from the lateral aspect of the knee forcing the knee to bend inward or lateral tibial rotation
MOI for PCL
falling directly on the knee at more or less 90 degrees forcing tibia back, or dashboard injury
signs and symptoms for MCL injury
hearing a pop, cannot weigh bear, positive valgus stress test, feeling of instability, pain on medial aspect, swelling, loss of ROM,
Knee plica
folding of synovial sheet
- causes: falling of knee or twist with planted foot
structure involved with jumpers’ knee
infrapatellar
ACL reconstruction
autograft- tissue from the patient’s body (90-95% success) hamstring or knee cap
allograft- donor tissue (not recommended for females)
