Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the average carbon footprint of a US citizen in Hectares
8.1 hectares (China is 3.6)
What are global land grabs
international land deals corporations or firms invest in overseas land and export the products from those lands back to the home country
How many calories per person of food does the world create
2,700 calories per person
What is the fundamentals of the demographic transition model
As income goes up birthrates go down because children are viewed as a cost
What are Pronatal social norms
individual attitudes and societal expectations that promote high fertility
What is demographic intertia
It is the concept of there being a time lag between the change in fertility and the visible effects
How are cities different than rural areas with emissions
Cities usually produce less per capita but it is a high concentration so it ends up being worse
Which is worse suburbs cities or rural areas
suburbs produce 50% of emissions
How is Boserup different than Malthus
Boserup maintains that pop growth is the cause rather than the result of ag change the principle change is intensification of land
What is Cornucopian theory
The idea that environmental problems from growing pop will be solved by human innovation
What is vertical farming
Farming up instead of out requires very little land
What are hydroponics
farming without soil by using LEDs and nutrient water mixture
What happened in the mechanical revolution of agriculture
The substitution of capital for labor a good example of this is the tractor there are maintenance but no labor costs for the tractor
What are CAFOS
Concentrated Animal Feeding Ops
What is full irrigation
amount of water needed to achieve maximum yield
What is livestock responsible for
The loss 24bil tons of fertile soil a year and 16% of GHGS
What are polycultures
growing of multiple crops
What is la via campesina
an organization to preserve sustainable ag in 73 countries
What is the idea of food sovereignty
that we have the right to healthy and culturally appropriate food made sustainably those that produce it are the most important to feed
What is Goldschmidt’s thesis
That farm scale and wage labor are associated with community characteristics
How is water unequal
70% of water goes to ag and 6 countries have a cartel on water
What is a water footprint
like carbon footprint but with water it shows freshwater use that looks at both direct and indirect use
What is virtual water
water that is used during production of a commodity, divided into Green ( natural crop) Blue (surface and ground) and Grey (assimilation and dilution of pollutants)
What is the concept of inverted Quarantine
We use safety to isolate ourselves a prime example of this is upper middle class get bottled water because its safer and easier
What is market environmentalism
It is the idea that the market is responsible for water allocation and sanitation because goods will be used more efficiently
Why is market environmentalism bad
It makes it so that the poor would need to resort to private companies and pay outrageous amounts while wealthy countries would have public water
How should water be governed
all users participating in water should be able to have a voice, decisions making should be transparent etc
What is the purpose of biodiversity
can impact quality of life, enrich knowledge and recreation etc
What are ecosystem services
resources that are produced by the environment like water timber etc
What is the biological species concept
reproductive isolation
What is the ecological species concept
speciation through ecological selection
What is the tragedy of commodity
Once something experience commodification it is hard to regulate because capitalism needs growth
What is Ex situ conservation
Off site conservation it is the process of protecting an endangered species at like a zoo
What is the relationship between cultural and bio diversity
If biodiversity drops so does cultural because they rely on each other
What is Biopiracy
loss of biocultural diversity through legal or illegal means often in the form of commercial gain
What is community conservation
let the indigenous people be in charge of conservation because they know better than we do about it
What are open source seeds
seeds that cannot be patented or commodified to allow equal access
What is Amartya Sen’s view on Famine
That it is because of the lack of democracy and the worker not entitled to his food
What was the concept of Julia Simons Ultimate resource
It was a challenge of the notion that humans were running out of resources
What is the MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio)
it is the number of maternal deaths during a given time per 100k live births
