Final UNIT Flashcards
Rebound effect
gains efficiency fails to lead to reductions in consumption we invest efficiency gains into other carbon producing areas
Energy intensity
amount of energy required to produce worlds economic output
Carbon Intensity
amount of carbon required to produce worlds economic output
Natural Capital
assets indispensable for human survival and economic activity provided by the ecosystem
Decoupling
ability of economy to grows without corresponding increases in environmental pressure growth without CO2
Treadmill of wealth
as a person makes more money expectations and desires rise in tandem, which results in no permanent gain in happiness
Metabolic rift
inherent in capitalism robbing countries of natural resources to fix ours
O Connors thesis
Overproduction leads to economic crises, which leads to labor movements, and Underproduction leads to ecological crises which lead to environmental movements
EKC (Environmental Kruznets Curve
Pollution indexes increase rather than decrease with economic affluence
What does the EKC curve really show
that companies move to exploit more lax laws only focusing on emissions the graph is both right and wrong affluent nations contribute the most but are also the most efficent
Coase theorem
when property rights are involved parties gravitate towards mutual beneficency people do what is in there best interest for their private property
Michael Porter
argues that stricter environmental regulations are in the interests of businesses
Foucauldian governance
blaming of individuals population as its target political econ as its major form of knowledge
Welfare economics
humans wellbeing equals economic well being can often be a form of reductionism
Pareto Optimality Standard
idea of trickle down economics that if one person is better off and nobody is worse off than it is a good policy it doesn’t matter who is better off though
Tyranny of present
decrease money equals decrease in welfare econ places emphasis on now instead of the future
Self interest
belief that everyone is selfish free rider problem stems from this
Common property regimes
joint management of the resource system by its co owners
Open regimes
way to reduce costs by opening property up to everyone costs can be reduced if activities can be shared collectively type of co-op system
Precautionary Principle
Something like tech is harmful until it is proven safe do not emit a substance till we know exactly what it does
Discounting
Trickle forward economics an increment of value today is worth more than a billion deaths in four hundred years
Open access property
not managed by anyone access to it is not controlled
Tragedy of the commons
Individuals with access to a public resource act in own self interest and in doing so deplete the resource
Postnormal Science
conception of the management of complex science related issues “when facts are uncertain”
effective speed
Not only calculating trip speed but also cost of mode of transportation such as time spent at work to earn money for car helps with concept that going faster in motor vehicles makes them less effective
Vulnerable road users
pedestrians and cyclists that are at greater risk of injury
Disability Adjusted life years
sum of potential life years lost due to premature mortality
Habitat Fragmentation
emergence of discontinuation in an organisms preferred envi, very common in animals often times they need tunnels to connect habitats
Islandization
effect on chunking up of wildlife corridors separating them as well
Wildlife Corridors
areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations
Social capital
Social networks/norms that come with frequent interaction
Community severance
social impact associated with transport one does not want to leave because all of their existence exists in city also takes in to account for example having to walk after leaving a train to get somewhere for a while means you are less likely to do it
Free parking
encourages driving because you can park anywhere
Law of highway congestion
more roads makes congestion worse increase in capacity equals increase in volume
HOV (high occupancy vehicle) lanes
largely useless most people carpooling anyways
Street Hierarchy
eliminates interconnections of streets
Interconnected streetmodels
slower to navigate but less congested
Gas Taxes
gas price increases and peoples consumption decreases has negative effect on commuters and poor
pay as you drive insurance
only pay for the miles you are actually driving if payed on this basis driving would go down 8%
Amartya Sens
A theory of justice based on fairness should be directly and deeply concerned with effective freedom - capability - of actual people to achieve the lives they have reason to value
Community Capitals Framework (CCF)
provides a comprehensive way to categorize a community’s assets and explore the relationships among them
Conspicuous consumption
The idea that we consume at least in part to display to others our social power and status
Environmental Justice
Seeing the environment as not just nature but also where and how people live and how they are effected by climate change
5 sociological mechanisms
Social Comparison
Creation of Self-identity: Sense of self is tied to consumption
Specialization: How production only specializes in one product like the OG model T
Sociotechnical systems: There are broader sociological reasons that belie the concept
Planned Obsolescence
Happy life years
the amount of happy years one can expect to live within a country
Happy planet index
is an index of human well-being and environmental impact
Limits to growth
the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources
Limits to growth
the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources
