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AP Human Geography Vocabulary > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Population distribution

A

where people live in a geographic area

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2
Q

dispersed population

A

spread out

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3
Q

clustered population

A

grouped or clumped together around a central point

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4
Q

uniform population

A

spread out evenly over an area

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5
Q

linear population

A

appears to form long and narrow lines

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6
Q

population factors

A

climate, landforms, water bodies, culture, economics, history, and politics

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7
Q

climate

A

the long-term patterns of weather in a particular area

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8
Q

temperate climates

A

a climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts

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9
Q

landforms

A

the natural features of Earth’s surface

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10
Q

human migration

A

the permanent movement of people from one place to another

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11
Q

population density

A

the number of people occupying a unit of land

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12
Q

arithmetic density

A

the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density

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13
Q

physiological density

A

the total number of people per unit of arable land

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14
Q

arable land

A

land that can be used to grow crops

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15
Q

agricultural density

A

the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

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16
Q

subsistence agriculture

A

an agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock for only the farmers’ families and close community

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17
Q

carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size an environment can sustain

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18
Q

dependency ratio

A

the number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (age 15 to 64), multiplied by 100

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19
Q

sex ratio

A

the proportion of males to females in a population

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20
Q

demographics

A

data about the structures and characteristics of human populations

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21
Q

fertility

A

the ability to produce children

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22
Q

crude birth rate (CBR)

A

the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

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23
Q

total fertility rate (TFR)

A

the average number of children one woman in a given region will have during her child-bearing years (ages 15 to 49)

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24
Q

mortality

A

deaths as a component of population change

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25
Q

crude death rate (CDR)

A

the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

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26
Q

infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

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27
Q

life expectancy

A

the average number of years a person is expected to live

28
Q

population pyramids

A

a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population

29
Q

rate of natural increase (RNI)

A

rate at which a population grows as the result of BR - DR divided by ten

30
Q

doubling time (DT)

A

the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double (assume rate remains stable)

31
Q

urbanization

A

urban growth and development

32
Q

overpopulation

A

the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life

33
Q

neo-malthusian

A

describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth’s resources

34
Q

demographic transition model (DTM)

A

Model used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline including patterns of births, deaths, and natural increase rates (shown through stages)

35
Q

epidemiological transition model (ETM)

A

Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop which corresponds with the stages of the DTM.

36
Q

antinatalist

A

describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth

37
Q

pronatalist

A

describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth

38
Q

land degradation

A

long-term damage to the soil’s ability to support life

39
Q

market

A

the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services

40
Q

malthus malthusian theory

A

exponential increases in the population growth would surpass arithmetical increases in the food supply and lead to widespread famine

41
Q

social values

A

a set of moral principles defined by society dynamics, institutions, traditions and cultural beliefs

42
Q

contraception

A

birth control by the use of devices (antinatalist)

43
Q

ravenstein’s laws of migration

A

Migration is typically short in distance
Migration occurs in steps
Urban areas attract both long-distance and rural migrants
Every migration generates a counter-migration
Young, single, adult males are more likely to migrant than females
Women will migrate shorter distances
Most migration is due to economic factors

44
Q

push factors

A

negative circumstances, events, or conditions present in a location that causes people to move away

45
Q

pull factors

A

positive conditions and circumstances of a location that encourages people to move to that place

46
Q

intervening opportunities

A

an opportunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling

47
Q

intervening obstacles

A

barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel

48
Q

forced/ involuntary migration

A

people relocate due to fears of violence or survival

49
Q

voluntary migration

A

people migrate due to their own choices

50
Q

slavery

A

Historical: Atlantic Slave Trade
16th-19th Centuries
10-12 million people
Modern Day: The UN estimates about 21 million people are enslaved today.
referred to as human trafficking.

51
Q

refugees

A

someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence

52
Q

internally displaced persons

A

someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses an international border

53
Q

asylum seekers

A

when people flee their own country they apply for asylum in another country to seek sanctuary in that country in order to get the right to be recognized as a refugee and receive legal protection and material assistance

54
Q

transnational migration

A

A form of migration across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country

55
Q

transhumance

A

traditional migration of nomadic herders that move their livestock from high elevations in the summer and lower elevations in the winter

56
Q

internal migration

A

migrants that travel within a country’s borders (much more likely than transnational migration)

57
Q

brain drain

A

the large-scale emigration of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge

58
Q

chain migration

A

immigrants migrate to a location based off of the recommendation of or reunification with family members, friends, or community members that have previously migrated to that location

59
Q

step migration

A

migration typically occurs in steps, migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements

60
Q

guest worker

A

migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers

61
Q

rural-to-urban

A

most typical kind of migration trend, up to 55% of people live in urban areas today

62
Q

remittances

A

money sent back to migrants’ country of origin- major economic flow

63
Q

ecumene

A

the habitable areas of the world

64
Q

Population Replacement Level (PRL)

A

Number of children per woman needed to keep a country’s population constant (2.1=stable)

65
Q

Intraregional migration

A

The movement within the same region of the country

66
Q

Interregional migration

A

Movement from one region of a country to another

AP Human Geography Vocabulary (5 decks)

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