Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 influences of intelligence?
- Nature genetic factors (hereditary)
- Nurture environmental factors (intelligence can be maximised)
- Interaction of both
Discuss reliability and validity of intelligence tests
reliability = method should produce the same result as research
validity = did it measure what it’s supposed to
- measure academic potential and identify issues of intellectual decline
- useful in clinical settings
- only one measure of overall intelligence
- does not explain why some have special skills or some have difficulty
Explain the difference between adaptive and maladaptive behaviours
AB = behaviour or skill developed as we age and gain experience to help us relate to others, become independent and function daily
SECURE ATTACHMENT
MB = behaviour developed in early childhood to reduce anxiety that interferes with ability to function daily (self-harm, tantrums, aggressive behaviour)
LACK OF SECURE ATTACHMENT
What is a mood disorder? Give an example
condition that severely impacts mood and its related functions
- Bipolar
- Major depressive disorder
Give an example of a personality disorders and briefly explain it
- borderline personality disorder (unstable interpersonal relationships and self image)
Define a psychotic disorder and its symptoms
Schizophrenia
- hallucinations
- disorganised speech and behaviour
- social isolation
- lack of emotions
Define and explain an anxiety disorder
Specific phobia
- fearful feelings about a particular object or situation
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- feeling anxious about a wide variety of things lasting a long period of time
What are some critiques of the DSM?
- too subjective
- difficult to establish validity of mental disorders
- does not recognise cultural influences of what is considered ‘normal’
What are the 3 risk factors for psychological disorders? Provide an example
- Biological
- genetic vulnerability to develop specific disorders - Psychological
- stress - Social
- loss of significant relationships
Explain the placebo effect give an advantage and disadvantage
behaviour being influenced by expectations of how they should behave, caused by belief they have received some treatment
A - inexpensive. makes people feel better without medication
D - affects recovery. no informed consent
Explain the two-factor theory of emotion
Schacter and Singer
- people experience physiological arousal and that their emotional response was based on their interpretation of the situation
Explain appraisal theory of emotion and give the 2 types
Lazarus = suggests emotions are a result of our evaluation of a situation
- Primary appraisal
- initial thoughts of the situation - Secondary appraisal
- process of giving more thought to the situation by considering options available
Explain Locke’s goal setting in motivation
- relationship between how difficult a task was and how well people performed when trying to complete it.
a hard goal = more incentive to complete
specific goal = too easy and may not be achieved
