Unit 1 Flashcards
Define the difference between
- psychologist
- social worker
- psychiatrist
- unable to prescribe medication. does assessments, diagnosis and treatments of mental disorders
- unable to prescribe medication. finds way for people to improve situations
- able to prescribe medication. conduct medical procedures on patients
Summarise the 8 steps of the scientific method
- identify area which needs researching
- collect information
- create research question and hypothesis
- design research method to test hypothesis
- collect and analyse data
- draw conclusions (null or alternate)
- report and discuss findings
- conclusion (limitations and further research)
Define EEG
Hans Berger (ham burger) detects abnormalities in the brain by recording electrical activity in the form of brain waves
Define PET
provide advantage and disadvantage
measures the volume and location of blood flow in the brain by tracking radioactive substance (glucose)
- provides info about function and location during motor tasks
- expensive
Define MRI
provide advantage and disadvantage
uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image of structure of the brain (in 3D)
- harmless magnetic fields
- expensive
What are the 3 sampling techniques? provide a strength and a weakness
- Random Sample: every member of population has equal chance of being selected
- gives representation
- difficult to achieve - Stratified Random Sample: splitting population into categories and selecting at random
- eliminates the effect of the variable
- time consuming - Convenience Sample: picking whoever is available at the time
- quick, easy, cheap
- bias in sample
Define FMRI
provide advantage and disadvantage
monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption to brain (when performing an activity)
- detailed info
- very loud, claustrophobic
Define 2 systems of the nervous system
Central Nervous System: brain and spinal cord, enables communication from brain to body
Peripheral Nervous System: communicate info from organs/muscles to the CNS via skin sensations, temperatures
What is the Peripheral Nervous System made up of?
Somatic Nervous system: sensory info to the CNS, voluntary muscle movement
Autonomic Nervous System: communication between internal glands/organs to regulate body functions
- includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What are the components of the brain?
Hindbrain = primitive part
Midbrain = connects HB with FB. controls arousal, attention and consciousness
Forebrain = responsible for higher order thinking processes
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal Lobe = motor functions, language, planning, regulates emotion
Parietal Lobe = perceive own body and where things are located around them (touch, pressure, pain and temp)
Temporal Lobe = processes auditory information
Occipital Lobe = processes vision
Differentiate between Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s Area and Geschwind’s Territory
Broca’s Area = within the frontal lobe. responsible for coordination of speech
Wernicke’s Area = in temporal lobe. responsible for language and interpretation
Geschwind’s Territory = between Brocha and Wernicke’s area. explains how we take input form words we hear and read and link them to responsible areas of the brain
Define Brain Plasticity and the two types
brain plasticity refers to the way the brain changes in response to stimulation from the environment. occurs at the synaptic connection in the brain
- Developmental plasticity = development and consolidation of neural pathways in babies, children and adolescents
- Adaptive plasticity = the ability of the brain to change, adapt and grow throughout life
What are the stages of developmental brain plasticity?
- Proliferation
- Migration
- Circuit formation
- Synaptic pruning
- Myelination
Explain Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (cognitive development)
= continuum of cognitive development stretching from solo performance to collaborative cooperation
allows children to be able to learn how to accomplish a task, with guidance from someone else
