Unit 2 Flashcards
Def: Plasma membrane
a layer that covers the surface of the cell and protects it from leaking.
Def: Transport proteins
Protein channels embedded in the membrane so charged particles can pass through.
Def: Active transport proteins
Protein channels move particles against their concentration gradient with energy.
Def: Enzyme function
Helps to speed up chemical reactions.
Def: Attachment proteins
anchoring sites on the cell where the cytoskeleton attaches.
Def: Receptor proteins
Allow for cells to communicate with one another by sending chemical signals.
Def: Junction protein
Help attach cells to one another for function of tissues.
Def: Glyco-Protein
Is an “ID tag” for the cell and allows for the cells to recognize it as apart of the body.
Def: Diffusion
The tendency for particles to even out in any available space.
Def: Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Def: Tonicity
The general concentration of solutes in water in any solution.
Def: Hypertonic
A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes.
Def: Hypotonic
Solution has a lower concentration of solutes.
Def: Isotonic
Both sides are equal in solute concentration.
Def: Passive transport
Diffusion of charged/polar substances across the membrane from high to low concentration without energy.
Def: Active transport
Transport proteins move substances against their concentration gradient requiring energy.
Def: Exocytosis
Transports large molecules across the membrane through a transport vesicle.
Def: Endocytosis
Transports large molecules from the outside by putting them into a transport vesicle to engulf it.
Def: Phagocytosis
Engulfment of a large molecule by having the cell wrap around the molecule and forming a transport vesicle to the cell.
Def: Receptor mediated endocytosis
The surface of the membrane will have receptor proteins that carry specific solutes and the membrane will wrap around it and form a transport vesicle.
Def: Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion.
Def: Potential energy
Energy stored in a location with “potential” to act.
Def: Chemical energy
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.
What are the 2 laws of thermal dynamics ?
1-energy can change form but it can ever be created or destroyed.
2-energy transfers entropy with energy being lost as heat.
Def: Exergonic reaction
High potential energy reactants to low potential energy reactants.
Def: Endertonic reaction
Has low potential energy reactants to high potential energy reactants.
Def: ATP
“Biological fuel molecule.” A high potential molecule that releases phosphate groups to power cell processes.
Why is activation energy important ?
It stops chemical reactions from happening by themselves.
Def:Enzyme
Help to reduce the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. (The chemical reaction speeds up.)
How do enzymes work ?
Proteins fit into substrates by specific shape and create a chemical reaction.
Def: Inhibitors
Shut off enzymes
Def: Competitive inhibitor
Competes with the substance for an active site.
Def: Non-Competitive inhibitor
Altars the enzymes function by changing shape.
