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NUR 103 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

an injury to the tissue of the body caused by heat chemical, electrical, Radtion ?

A

Burns

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2
Q

what are the 5 type of burns?

A 
Thermal burns
Chemical burns
Smoke inhalation injury
Electrical burns
Cold Thermal injury
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3
Q

what is the most common type of burn?

A

Thermal

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4
Q

what are some complications associated with burns

A

shock

infection

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5
Q

headache, fatigue, SOB, dizziness, N/V, confusion, Loss of muscle, passing out, cherry lips and mouth are symptoms of what ?

A

Carbon Monoxide Poisonings

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6
Q

Cherry red lips and Mouth

A

Cherry Mucosa

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7
Q

what is the main priority with carbon monoxide poisoning’s/ Inhalant Injury?

A

AIRWAY

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8
Q

what are some nursing interventions for Burns?

A 
Monitor airway 
Circulation 
fluid replacement 
comfort management
Thermoregulation
infection prevention
feeding needs (ex NG)
psychological support
restoration for mobility
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9
Q

what are some dietary consideration for burn clients?

A

prevent protein loss
1.5-2 grams of protein a day
supplement mineral and vitamins
prevent infection by meeting metabolic needs

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10
Q

what are some ways to prevent Burn injuries’ ?

A 
smoke alarms
water regulation
kitchen safety 
close lids 
chemicals out of reach 
label containers
check bath water by submitting forearm.
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11
Q

Nucleus pulposus bugles and herniates and squeezes into spinal cord putting pressure on spinal cord and nerve ?

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

HNP

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12
Q

Severe pain, muscle spasms, numbness and tingling, decreased reflexes, and sciatic nerve are symptoms of what

A

HNP

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13
Q

what are some treatments for HNP ?

A 
bedrest 1-2 days
walking
ice/heat 
meds
physical therapy 
back strengthen exercises
(swimming)
surgery.
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14
Q

all sensory, motor, and sympathetic functions of the nervous system are lost below the level of injury, damaged & undamaged nerves unable to send msg to brain?

A

Spinal Cord Injury

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15
Q

what are some expected findings of SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) ?

A 
Paralysis
paresthesia
Loss of reflex
Spinal shock (1st)
risk for autonomic Dysreflexia
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16
Q

complications of SCI ?

A 
Infections
DVT
Orthostatic hypotension'
skin breakdown
Renal Complications
Depression
Substance abuse
Autonomic dysreflexia
bladder distention
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17
Q

what are some medications for SCI?

A

Prednisone
Baclofen
Dopamine

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18
Q

what is an emergency intervention with SCI?

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia

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19
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia?

A

is a syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure.
resulting to seizure’s

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20
Q

spinal cord injury to the T6 or above thoracic nerve is commonly known to cause what?

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia

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21
Q

A degeneration of neurons in the brain affecting the motor structure control causing involuntary movements is what?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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22
Q

what are s/s of Parkinson’s disease ?

A 
RESTING tremors decreased with movement 
Bradykinesia (slow movement )
poor body balance 
stiff movements
flat affect
speech issues
drooling
constipation 
incontinences 
sweating
heat tolerance
decrease sexual ability
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23
Q

what medication is given for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Sentiment

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24
Q

give w/food antacids and stool softeners
may upset stomach
delivery of Dopamine to brain cells

A

Sentiment

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25
Q

what are nursing cares for Parkinson’s disease

A

obtain motility
ability to ambulate
self care needs
safety to pt

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26
Q

a splitting open of an incision?

A

Dehiscence

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27
Q

Extrusion of viscera outside the body especially through a surgical excision ?

A

Evisceration

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28
Q

inflammation in organs remote from the initial damage?

A

SIRS

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29
Q

SIRS/SEPSIS/SEPTIC SHOCK are most commonly associated with what?

A

bacterial infections.

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30
Q

s/s of Sirs/Sepsis/septic shock?

A 
elevated leukocytes
elevated lactate 
decreased platelets 
elevated temp
Hypotension
swelling 
edema
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31
Q

what are some nursing interventions for Sirs/sepsis/septic shock?

A

maintain skin integrity
rest
broad spectrum antibiotics
monitor I&O’s

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32
Q

gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder and common bile duct ?

A

Gallbladder disease

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33
Q

what are some S/s of gallbladder disease

A 
fever
elevated pulse, rr
vomiting
positive murphy sign 
Pain in RUQ
pain after meal w/in 1-3 hrs
jaundice 
heartburn
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34
Q

inability to take a deep breath when pressed below the liver is what ?

A

Positive Murphy

35
Q

Dx testing for Gallbladder disease?

A 
Ultrasounds
endoscopy 
ct
HIDA SCAN
WBC count
36
Q

A surgical removal of the gallbladder via Laparoscopy is called what?

A

Cholecystectomy

37
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Several renal diseases affecting both kidneys.

38
Q

S/s of Glomerulonephritis

A 
Oliguria 
Hypertension
Electrolyte imbalances
Edema
edema beginning in the eyes and face
Flank pain
39
Q

nursing interventions for Glomerulonephritis include?

A 
reduce edema
monitor vitals
fluid restriction
limit protein intake
low sodium
40
Q

Low protein is recommended for Glomerulonephritis clients why?

A

reduces nitrogenous waste by-products.

41
Q

most commonly associated with group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection following infection of the throat and skin ?

A

etiology of Glomerulonephritis

42
Q

an inflammatory disease of the glomerulus

A

Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis

43
Q

serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs.

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

test reading for TB?

A

Mantoux test
xray
Sputum
Radiographic exams

45
Q

injecting 0.1 ml of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the inner surface of the forearm.

A

Mantoux Test

46
Q

when is a Mantoux test read?

A

48-72 hrs

47
Q

swelling at site of more than 5mm is what kind of reading?

A

Positive Reading of TB Mantoux test

48
Q

induration less than 5mm or no induration is what kind of reading?

A

Negative reading of Mantoux test

49
Q

what are some nursing interventions for Tb?

A 
wear n95
negative air pressure rooms
medications 
no alcohol 
observe meds are being taken.
50
Q

what are the four medications prescribed for TB ?

A

Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (Rifadin)

51
Q

how long is the course of medications with a positive Tb patient?

A

4-7 months

52
Q

edema and inflammation primarily in the rectum and the rectosigmoid colon, ulcers in the colon is what ?

A

Ulcerative colitis

53
Q 
diarrhea w/blood or pus, 
5-10 liquid stools per day
abdominal pain  
rectal pain 
rectal bleeding
fecal urgency 
fever
weight loss
vomiting 
fatigue
dehydration 
cramping 
are s/s of what?
A

Ulcerative Colitis

54
Q

treatments for ulcerative colitis ?

A

colostomy
proctocolectomy w/wo ileostomy
diet
med

55
Q

Nursing interventions for Ulcerative Colitis?

A 
monitor potassium levels
monitor I&O's
limit foods w/lactose, fat and fiber 
encourage high calorie and protein 
nsaids for inflammation 
antidiarrheal 
steroids 
Surgical procedures - . Anastomosis and or a colostomy may be needed
56
Q

A colostomy can be reversed sometimes, the stoma will be reattached with anastomosis to the remaining intestine inside the body is known as what?

A

Take-down

57
Q

what are some complications of Ulcerative Colitis

A

Bleeding
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
peritonitis

58
Q

inflammation of the bowel mucosa is what?

A

Diverticulosis

59
Q

what are some treatments for diverticulosis?

A

includes a high-fiber diet, increased fluids, and the use of stool softeners as needed

60
Q

leading cause of permanent impairment of close-up vision or reading in residents over 64

A

Macular Degeneration

AMD

61
Q

s/s of Macular degeneration

A 
depth perception
objects appear distorted, blurred, o double vision
loss of central vision
blindness
progressive blindness color appear dull
62
Q

Wet macular degeneration ?

A

Less common form

caused by new growth of blood vessels that have thin walls leaking blood and fluid

63
Q

Dry Macular degeneration?

A

MOST Common

caused by gradual in retinal capillary arteries, macula becomes ischemic and necrotic. due to lack of retina cell

64
Q

opacity in the lens of an eye that impairs vision

A

Cataracts

65
Q

risk factors of cataracts?

A 
age related 
diabetes
hereditary 
smoking
eye trauma
sun exposure
alcohol disorder
chronic use of corticosteroids, Beta blockers and mitotic meds
66
Q

s/s of cataract ?

A

decreased visual activity, blurred vision, diplopia, visible opacity
absent red reflex

67
Q

what disorder in which vascular changes occur in the retinal blood vessels. common in clients with diabetes ?

A

retinopathy

68
Q

risk factors for retinopathy ?

A 
diabetes
poor blood glucose control
smoking 
pregnancy
hyperlipidemia
69
Q

s/s for retinopathy ?

A

visual acuity
color vision discrimination
vision loss at last stage!

70
Q

what disorder is associated with disturbances of optic nerve? IOP is between 10-21 mm

A

Glaucoma

71
Q

this disorder is MOST common, the angle between iris and sclera, aqueous humor is decreased due to blockage ?

A

Open angled Glaucoma

72
Q

the angle between iris and sclera suddenly closes, causing increase of IOP

A

Closed Angled Glaucoma

73
Q

aching of the eyes, headache, Halos, visual changes not corrected with glasses are expected findings of what?

A

Glaucoma

74
Q

what are some complication of glaucoma?

A

blindness

regular glaucoma checks

75
Q

s/s of Open angled Glaucoma?

A 
SEEK HELP IMMEDIATLY 
headache 
mild eye pain
loss of peripheral vision
halos around light 
elevated IOP of more than 21 mm
76
Q

s/s of Closed Angled Glaucoma ?

A 
rapid onset of elveated IOP 30 mm or higher 
decreased vision
blurred vision
colored halos
non perrla 
severe pain
nausea
photophobia
77
Q

an IOP of more than 21MM indicates what?

A

open angled glaucoma.

78
Q

an IOP of 30mm or higher indicates what?

A

closed angled glaucoma

79
Q

what are some treatments for glaucoma?

A

surgery
eye drop medication
cholinergic agents (miotics)

80
Q

what are some nursing interventions for Glaucoma clients ?

A 
inform patient of disease
adhere to medication
treat pain 
low sodium diet 
no caffeine 
prevent constipation
Monitor IOP
monitor visual sensitivity
81
Q

Butterfly rash , painful swollen joints, muscle pain, extreme fatigue, unexplained fever, loss of hair, sensitivity to sun. mouth ulcers, poor appetite, abnormal menses, swollen are s/s of what glands

A

SLE

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

82
Q 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension
increased troubled breathing 
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Cough stridor
Wheezing
angioedema
warm dry flush skin
Low urine output. 
are symptom's of what ?
A

Anaphylactic Shock

83
Q

what the the priority concern in a anaphylactic shock client ?

A

AIRWAY

84
Q

what are some Gerontological considerationds with elderly patients ?

A 
Blood pressure control
Abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism related to immobilization Cardiovascular disease 
Respiratory complications 
Osteoporosis
Bladder infections 
Skin injuries 
Chronic pain

NUR 103 (3 decks)

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