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World Geo > Unit 1a Test > Flashcards

Unit 1a Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is absolute and relative location?

A

ABSOLUTE - exact place on ear5th where a geographic feature, such as a city, is found

RELATIVE - describes a place in comparison to other places around it

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2
Q

What is a map projection?`

A

The printing of a 3D globe to make a 2D map

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3
Q

What does a GPS do and provide an example of

A

Accurately determines the precise position of something on earth

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4
Q

What is a GIS and provide an example of

A

A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes and displays geographic information.
IN LAYERS

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5
Q

What is latitude and longitude

A

Coordinates on a map
LONGITUDE - lines on a map going up and down that measure east to west
LATITUDE - lines on a map going side to side that measure north to south

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6
Q

Maps (types, elements of a map - be able to identify each)

A

Physical map - has PHYSICAL FEATURES and LANDMARKS ex: mountains, canyons

Political map - shows CAPITALS and CITIES as well as BORDERS

Thematic map - portrays the GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN; these maps have THEMES

Cartography - DISTORTED maps. Skinny = less, thick = more

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of HEI

A

ADAPTATION - how do humans adapt to their environment ? Ex: heating, AC, storm shelters

DEPENDENCY - how do humans depend on their environment to improve their lives? Ex: food supply, fresh air, water

MODIFICATION- how do humans modify their environment to fit their needs? Ex: pollution, climate change, desertification

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8
Q

What are Natural resources

A

Nonrenewable - cannot be replaced, once used its gone. Ex: oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy

Renewable - can be used over and over because the Earth replenishes it. Ex: sun, wind, water, biomass

Inexhaustible- will never run out. Ex: wind, sun

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9
Q

Define desertification and what causes it

A

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of a drought, deforest ion or inappropriate agriculture

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10
Q

What caused the shrinking of the Aral Sea

A

The diversion of inflowing rivers for agriculture irrigation

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11
Q

What is climate change and what causes it?

A

Long tern shifts is temperatures & weather patterns. Burning of fossil fuels can cause this which produces heat-trapping gases

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12
Q

What is population distribution vs. density

A

DISTRIBUTION - WHERE they are located within that spaces
DENSITY - how many people are in a place

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13
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is birth rate

A

Number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

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14
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is mortality rate

A

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 population

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15
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is fertility rate

A

average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years

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16
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is life expectancy

A

The expected number of years of life expected from birth

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17
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is literacy rate

A

The average number of people in an area that can read and write

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18
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is infant mortality rate

A

The death of a child less than one year of age for every 1,000 babies born in a society

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19
Q

LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT

Less developed, developing, and developed countries -which demographics are characteristics of each

A

LDC: high infants mortality, high fertility, low literacy, low life expectancy
NIC: median infant mortality, medians fertility, median literacy, median life expectancy
MDS: low infant mortality, low fertility, high literacy, high life expectancy

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20
Q

Population pyramid
What do they tell us and define it

A

Where the population is growing/shrinking, a war, etc…

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21
Q

Identify the stages of a demographic transition model

A

5 stages
Stage 1 & 2: LDC
Stage 3 & 4: NIC
Stage 5 & 6: MDC

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22
Q

Explain then global population distribution

A

-The worlds population is not evenly distributed
-90% of the world lives in the northern hemisphere
-1 in 2 people live in Asia
-nearly ALL future population growth will be in the worlds less developed countries

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23
Q

Physical characteristics that encourage/discourage settlement - be able to explain them

A

1 - mild climate (good weather and good for crops)
2 - near freshwater (water is a necessity
3 - flat (fertile) land (good for farming and building things on

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24
Q

Climate
Why does latitude matter?

A

It is the LARGEST PREDICTOR OF CLIMATE

25
Q

Define urbanization

A

The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result in urbanization

26
Q

urban vs rural characteristics

A

URBAN - towns and cities
> centers of business and culture
> birthplace of innovation
> good transportation
RURAL - countryside or outside of town
> low population & small settlements
> sometimes lack in education, healthcare & opportunities
> can lack basic infrastructure

27
Q

Define migration

A

A permanent move to a new location

28
Q

What’s the difference between Emigrant vs Imigrant

A

IMMIGRANT - person moving Into a new location
EMIGRANT - person moving g AWAY from a location

29
Q

Be able to identify push and pull factors

A

PUSH - circumstances that causes people to move away
PULL - conditions that encourages people to move to that pace

30
Q

Difference between Refugee, asylum seeker, and Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

A

REFUGEE - been FORCED to migrate to avoid potential threat to his/her life and (s)he can’t return due to fear of persecution
ASYLUM SEEKER - someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee
IDP - similar to a refugee, but s(h) has NOT been migrated across an international border

31
Q

What is the global migration flow

A
32
Q

Define culture

A

The total of knowledge, values, attitudes, & norms shared by and passed on by members of a specific group

33
Q

What are the elements of culture

A

Beliefs
The Arts
Language
Relationships
Technology

34
Q

Technology (what is the pecking order)

A

MDC - high access to high tech equipment
NIC - learning to use high tech equipment
LDC - have no access to high tech equipment

35
Q

Define cultural hearth

A

Site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cities

36
Q

Define cultural diffusion

A

The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior

37
Q

Define innovation

A

When one takes existing technology and resources and creates something new to meet a need. Innovation and invention may happen on accident or on purpose

38
Q

Define acculturation

A

Occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

39
Q

Difference between race and ethnicity

A

RACE - socially meaningful category of people who share BIOLOGICALLY transmitted traits that are obvious and considered important
ETHNIC GROUPS - used to refer to a specific group that shares a language, customs, & a common heritage

40
Q

Define cultural assimilation

A

When one person or groups culture come to resemble another group

41
Q

What is a dialect

A

Versions of languages

42
Q

What is the meaning of gender equality

A

Refers to the same level of resources & opportunities available to ALL GENDERS of location or situation

43
Q

What is the meaning of patriarchal vs matriarchal

A

PATRIARCHAL - a social system where the males hold primary power

MATRIARCHAL - a social system where the females hold primary power

44
Q

What are the 3 types of region and define each of them

A

ANIMISTIC
POLYTHEISTIC - belief in MANY Gods
Ex: Hinduism
MONOTHEISTIC - belief in ONE God
ex: Judaism or Christianity

45
Q

Beliefs - what can they provide people?

A

Can provide
-the belief in supernatural powers that are the creators
-answers to basic questions like “what is the meaning of life”
-rules & guidelines for its followers to follow
-an explanation of what happens when we die

46
Q

What can beliefs influence?

A

Dress, food, relationships

47
Q

Define sacred city

A

Places or spaces that people have infused with religious meaning

48
Q

Define holy cities

A

City that is important to the faith or history of a religion. Can be a location of a sacred site & a city to which followers make a pilgrimage

49
Q

Define pilgrimage

A

Purposeful travel to a religious site to path respects or participate in a ritual at the site

50
Q

What are cultural landscapes and how do elements of culture influence cultural landscapes

A

DEFINE - natural landscape that has been modified by humans reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

Can be influenced by the arts (architecture)

51
Q

Define enculturation

A

The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and starts doing their practices and values

52
Q

Global religious Distribution AND countries with largest # of followers

A

CHRISTIANITY: 31.11%
JUDAISM: 8.81%
BUDDHISM: 5%
ISLAM: 24.9%
HINDUISM: 15.16%

53
Q

Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Hinduism

A

Indus Valley region (India)
Moksha - release of the soul from reincarnation cycle & to become one with Brahma
Reincarnation - the belief that the soul is eternal and lives many lifetimes,es, in one body after another
Dharma - the CODE for living ones life
Karma - the belief that the actions in your current life will determine your fate in future lives

54
Q

Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Buddhism

A

CULTURAL HEARTH - Southern day Nepal
Nirvana - the release of selfishness and pain
Rebirth - a persons new existence after death
Eight fold path - follow to achieve Nirvana
Four noble truths - core beliefs
Karma - good actions will produce good consequences before or after death

55
Q

Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Judaism

A

CULTURAL HEARTH - Canaan
There is one God who wants to do what is just and compassionate for His people

56
Q

Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Christianity

A

CULTURAL HEARTH - Judaea (modern day Israel)
-The Trinity God - 3 in one
-Jesus lived, died on a cross, was resurrected and then ascended into heaven

57
Q

Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Islam

A

CULTURAL HEARTH - Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
-religion is based on the teachings of MUHAMMAD (Sunna)
-5 pillars of Islam (core beliefs)

58
Q

What are the Abrahamic religions all have in common?

A

-CHRISTIANITY
-JUDAISM
-ISLAM

All three religions relate back to Abraham

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