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Advanced Higher Subjects > Unit 1a - Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 1a - Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

How can electromagnetic radiation be described

A

wavelength and frequency

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2
Q

Electromagnetic radiation is said to have …..

A

dual nature

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3
Q

what is a photon

A

quantised energy proportional to the frequency of radiation

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4
Q

photons in high frequency have …. energy compared to low frequency

A

greater

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5
Q

What happens when a photon of light is emitted

A

after excited electrons are promoted to a higher energy level they fall back to lower energy levels emitting a photon of light

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6
Q

describe the appearance of emission and absorption spectrum

A

emission - black background with coloured lines

absorption - coloured background with black lines

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7
Q

what does absorption spectrum measure

A

the intensity of absorbed light at different wavelengths

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8
Q

what does the emission spectrum measure

A

the intensity of emitted light at different wavelengths

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9
Q

what is the principle quantum number (n)

A

indicates the main energy level for an electrons and is related to the size of the orbital

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10
Q

what is the angular momentum quantum number (l)

A

determines the shape of the subshell

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11
Q

what is the magnetic quantum number (m1)

A

determines the orientation of the orbital

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12
Q

what is the spin magnetic quantum number (ms)

A

determines the direction of spin

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13
Q

what is the aufbau principle

A

electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy

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14
Q

what is hund’s rule

A

when degenerate orbitals are available electrons fill signally before together

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15
Q

What does degenerate mean

A

of equal energies

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16
Q

what is pauli’s principle

A

no orbital hold more than two electrons and they must spin in opposite directions

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17
Q

what are the 4 blocks of the periodic table

A

s, p, d, f

18
Q

what does half-filled and full subshells suggest? and why?

A

higher ionisation energy because they have more stable electron configurations

19
Q

why do negatively charged electrons repel each other

A

they are arranged to minimise repulsion and maximise separation

20
Q

linear

A

2 bonding and no non-bonding

bond angle - 180

21
Q

trigonal planar

A

3 bonding pairs no non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 120

22
Q

tetrahedral

A

4 bonding pairs no non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 109.5

23
Q

trigonal pyramidal

A

3 bonding pairs and 1 non-bonding pair

bond angle - 107.5

24
Q

angular

A

2 bonding pairs and 2 non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 104.5

25
Q

trigonal bipyramidal

A

5 bonding pairs and no non - bonding pairs

bond angle - 120

26
Q

octahedral

A

6 bonding pairs and no non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 90 and 180

27
Q

put order of repulsion in decreasing order

A

non-bonding/non-bonding pair
non-bonding/bonding pair
bonding/bonding pair

28
Q

what is the definition of a transition metal

A

have incomplete d-subshell in a least one of their ions

29
Q

Why are chromium and copper exception to aufbau principle

A

exempt due to special stability associated with d shell being half-filled or completely filled

30
Q

what subshell do transition metals lose from first

A

4s rather than 3 d

31
Q

all noble gases are characterised by the competition of outermost orbital. This orbital is

A

s or p orbitals

32
Q

name Na3[Co(f)6]

A

sodium hexafluoridocolbalt (III)

33
Q

how can oxidation be defined

A

increase in the oxidation number

34
Q

how can reduction be defined

A

decrease in oxidation number

35
Q

What is a ligand

A

A ligand is a molecule with at least one non-bonding pair of electrons available for bonding with a metal ion

36
Q

ligand can be classed as

A

monodentate, bidentate up to hexadentate

37
Q

what is the coordination number

A

the total number of bonds form the ligand to the central atom

38
Q

what is a weak filed ligand

A

ligand which causes a small difference in energy between subsets of d orbital

39
Q

what is a strong filed ligand

A

causes a large difference in energy between subsets of d orbitals

40
Q

what colour is observed if magenta is being emitted

A

green light

41
Q

what are heterogenous and homogeneous catalysts

A

homo - same state as reactant

hetro - different state form reactant

Advanced Higher Subjects (3 decks)

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