Unit 16 - Human Reproduction 2

Question 1

How do oestrogen pills work to prevent pregnancy?

Answer 1

Oestrogen pills inhibit FSH which stops the egg from maturing

Question 2

How do progesterone pills work to prevent pregnancy?

Answer 2

Progesterone pills cause a sticky mucus to form at the cervix which prevents the sperm from fertilising the egg

Question 3

Give 4 different types of birth control

Answer 3

• Natural methods
• Barriers
• Chemicals
• Surgical methods

Question 4

Give 2 examples of natural methods of birth control

Answer 4

• Abstinence (refraining from sex)
• Monitoring temperature and cervical mucus levels to predict ovulation

Question 5

Give 2 examples of barriers that act as birth control

Answer 5

• Condoms - Can be male or female condoms and prevent the sperm from entering the vagina
• Diaphragm - A silicone dome shaped object that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix (usually used alongside chemical methods)

Question 6

Give 5 examples of chemical methods of birth control

Answer 6

• IUD
• IUS
• Contraceptive pill
• Implant
• Injection

Question 7

Briefly describe the use of an IUD as a contraceptive device

Answer 7

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small copper-coated tubes in a T shape inserted into the wall of the uterus that prevent sperm from reaching the egg and the copper works to kill the sperm

Question 9

Describe the use of an IUS as a contraceptive device

Answer 9

• Similar to IUD. An IUS is T-shaped and releases the hormone progesterone slowly.
• The progestrone thickenss the cervical mucus and thin the womb lining which prevents ovulation

Question 10

Describe the use of an implant as a contraceptive device

Answer 10

• The implant is a small matchstick sized device
• Inserted into the upper arm
• It releases progestogen into the bloodstream which prevents ovulation

Question 11

How does the contraceptive pill work?

Answer 11

• It contains artificial versions of oestrogen and progesterone which prevent pregnancy
• Prevents ovulation
• Thickens mucus
• Alters womb lining

Question 12

How does the contraceptive injection prevent pregnancy?

Answer 12

It releases progesterone into the bloodstream which prevents ovulation

Question 13

State 2 surgical methods of contraception

Answer 13

• Vasectomy
• Female sterilisation

Question 14

How does a vasectomy work to prevent pregnancy?

Answer 14

The vas deferens are cut or tied which prevents sperm from being released from the testicles into the urethra

Question 15

How does female sterilisation work?

Answer 15

• The fallopian tubes are blocked by clips or rings or they are cut
• This prevents the release of an egg from the ovaries

Question 16

Describe artificial insemination (AI)

Answer 16

Sperm are placed within a woman’s uterus using a catheter

Question 17

Describe how IVF is carried out

Answer 17

• The mother is given FSH
• Sperm from the father and eggs from the mother are collected
• The egg is fertilised in a laboratory and allowed to develop into an embryo
• The embryo is then put into the mother’s uterus

Question 18

Define sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Answer 18

An infection caused by a pathogen that is transmitted through bodily fluids, usually involving sexual contact

Question 19

Give an example of an STI

Answer 19

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Question 20

State 3 ways of preventing the spread of STIs

Answer 20

• Wearing condoms during sex
• Educating people about STIs and wearing protection during sex
• Don’t share needles

Question 21

How is HIV spread?

Answer 21

Through bodily fluids

Question 22

What can HIV infection lead to?

Answer 22

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome)

Question 23

How does HIV affect the immune system?

Answer 23

• Decreased lymphocyte numbers
• White blood cells have a reduced ability to produce antibodies

Question 24

Disadvantages of Artificial Insemination

Answer 24

• Some people have religous or moral objections against it
• The Child can never know his or her father and there may be legal problems about the legitimacy of the child in some countries