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z computing summary sheets - not finished, not planning to use currently > Unit 1.4 > Flashcards

Unit 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define a network:

A

A network is a collection of independent computers/devices connected together.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of networking?

A
  • Able to share peripherals
  • Sharing files
  • User can log onto any computer
  • Centralised backup and software installation
  • Anti-Virus Software updated centrally
  • Security through usernames and passwords / access rights.
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3
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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4
Q

What is a LAN?

A

Computers are connected together over a small geographical area(such as a single building or a single site). It has its own infrastructure of cabling and network hardware, which is installed and maintained by the company or organisation.

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5
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide Area Network

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6
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Computers are connected over a large geographical area (this could be several buildings/sites, town wide, county wide or even country wide). It uses external hardware and external infrastructure (e.g. use of satellite, phone lines or The Internet – these are not installed or maintained by the company/organisation)

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7
Q

What is the biggest WAN?

A

The biggest WAN would be a global collection of networks (known as The Internet).

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8
Q

What are the advantages of peer to peer networks?

A
  • Usually used for small set-ups (more difficult to manage with more users)
  • Simple to set-up and flexible (you decide what software and which files go where)
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer to peer networks?

A
  • Security up to each user
  • PCs can become slow when accessed by other machines
  • One machine switching off while another is accessing data from it
  • Each machine has to be backed up individually
  • Control is more difficult because of individual nature
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10
Q

What are the advantages of client-server networks?

A
  • Centralised system, so back-ups and security are simpler
  • PCs not slowed down because of others accessing them
  • Software upgrades can be done centrally
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11
Q

What are the general features of a client-server network?

A

For medium to large size networks / organisations
A main computer(s) acts as a server, providing services to the others
The rest are known as clients, they use the services

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12
Q

What are the general features of a peer to peer network?

A
  • All devices are equal
  • Hub or switch can connect computers
  • Usually used for small set-ups (more difficult to manage with more users)
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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of client-server networks?

A
  • Need a network manager to supervise and set-up the system
  • Maintenance and administration (adding new users…)
  • More complicated infrastructure
  • Sever failure can disrupt all users
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14
Q

What are the roles of devices on client-server networks?

A

The network relies on a central server
All clients (devices) request services from the server (e.g. print services / file services)
Additional hardware would be needed e.g. high end powerful servers

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15
Q

What are the roles of devices on peer to peer networks?

A

All computers have equal status
Each device can act as a client and a server
All devices can request and provide network services
No additional hardware / software needed to set up this type of network

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16
Q

What does NIC stand for?

A

Network Interface Card

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17
Q

What is the role of an NIC?

A

has unique MAC address, identifies device

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18
Q

What is the role of a repeater?

A

Boosts the signal (signal strength drops over distance, this allows for longer distances)

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19
Q

What are examples of network hardware?

A 
NIC 
Repeater 
Hub 
Bridge
Switch
WAP
Router
Modem
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20
Q

What is the role of a hub?

A

connects devices in a LAN, sends data to all devices

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21
Q

What is the role of a bridge?

A

connects devices in a LAN, splits network into smaller regions

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22
Q

What is the role of a switch?

A

connects devices in a LAN, sends only to correct device

  • reduces traffic
  • increases security
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23
Q

What does WAP stand for?

A

Wireless Access Point

24
Q

What is the role of a WAP?

A

connects devices wirelessly

25
Q

What is the role of a router?

A

connects separate networks (can have different protocols), connects to the internet

26
Q

What is the role of a Modem?

A

switches analogue and digital signals for connection to internet across telephone cables (MOdulator/DEModulator)

27
Q

What are examples of transmission media?

A

Copper – UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair), STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
Coaxial – Single copper conductor with shield
Fibre – optical medium, transmits light through glass/plastic tube

28
Q

What factors affect the performance of a network?

A 
Bandwidth 
Contention ratio
Transmission media
Latency 
Wi-Fi issues
29
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

how much data can be transferred in a given time. Normally measured in bits per second Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, with the larger value representing a faster transfer of the data.

30
Q

What is contention ratio?

A

the bandwidth is shared by all the users, so the available bandwidth divided by the number of users gives the contention ratio. The more users the slower the transfer of data.

31
Q

What is transmission media?

A

different cable types have different transmission speeds, with fibre-optic being the best.

32
Q

What is latency?

A

any delay that might occur in a network, such as: problems with the cable, router or switch errors, anti-virus programs checking data causes delays, time taken for a packet to physically travel to and from destinations, any software issues.

33
Q

What are Wi-Fi issues?

A

radio interference from other devices (possibly transmitting on the same radio frequency), obstacles such as walls, doors and floors block the signal, limited number of channels available for users to connect on.

34
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Internet based storage or services that are not installed on your computer (remote from your computer).

35
Q

What are examples of cloud computing?

A

Examples: file storage (Dropbox), web hosting, streaming services (Spotify), online backup (Mozy), online software (Office 365, GoogleDocs), web mail (Gmail).

36
Q

What are the advantages of cloud computing?

A
  • your computer storage space doesn’t need to be as big
  • your software is always up-to-date
  • other people can collaborate (share and edit) your files if you wish
  • files are automatically backed up for you.
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?

A
  • you have to have an internet connection
  • there is often a charge
  • security of your data is out of your hands
  • if stored outside of EU then not subject to Data Protection Act
38
Q

What are websites?

A

Websites are a collection of files and folders with pages written in HTML.

39
Q

What is needed to happen for other people to see websites?

A

For others to see the pages they need to be ‘hosted’ on a web server.
This could be done on your computer (Local Hosting) or on a server run by a company (External Hosting).

40
Q

What is local hosting?

A

install web server software on your computer and allow others to access it.

41
Q

What are the advantages of local hosting?

A
  • low cost method and is good if only a small number of people need access to your files
  • It is also a good way of testing how a site would look after any changes you make
42
Q

What are the disadvantages of local hosting?

A

bandwidth (or lack of it)

  • always keeping your PC on
  • technical know-how
  • if you are selling items how will you provide secure payment methods?
43
Q

What is external hosting?

A

specialist company holds your files on one of their servers. Maintain access to the site and have sufficient bandwidth. Backup your data for you and provide security against unauthorised access. There is a charge for this service.

44
Q

What is shared hosting?

A

Shared Hosting is a format where you would share the server with other companies or individual, using the same RAM, CPU and bandwidth – the latter might be an issue if one of the other sites has a lot of traffic.

45
Q

What is dedicated hosting?

A

Dedicated Hosting is where you would have your own server without the disadvantages of sharing resources and bandwidth, but this comes at a cost.

46
Q

What are virtual servers?

A

Virtual Servers are created with software on a particular physical server – which gives the impression of many servers, but which are operating on a single physical machine.

47
Q

What are the advantages of virtual servers?

A
  • Each virtual server can be set-up using the software which can overcome some of the sharing issues
  • but has the advantage of many users sharing the cost of running the same physical server.
48
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name Server

49
Q

What is the domain name system?

A

All websites are registered in the Domain Name System and a domain (e.g. bbc.co.uk) can be purchased by an individual or organisation. The domain gives a text based representation of the more difficult to remember IP address (which is what the computer actually uses), so registering a domain links the IP address to the domain name (which forms part of the URL).

50
Q

What are DNS split up into?

A

ROOT servers
TLD (Top Level Domain) servers
AUTHORATIVE Name Servers.

51
Q

What are virtual networks?

A

A network has to exist in the first place, normally a LAN, but once this is in place, software can be used to split this network into separate sections. This might be desirable if different departments are using the same physical connections, but not all users should have access to all of the data.

52
Q

What are the advantages of virtual networks?

A
  • flexible solution as only software changes required to add or remove users to VLAN
  • software needed for only one section can be installed just on that section
  • network traffic can be controlled for each section
  • added security – if one section gets a virus the other sections will not be affected.
53
Q

What does VLAN stand for?

A

Virtual LAN

54
Q

What does VPN stand for?

A

Virtual Private Network

55
Q

What is VPN?

A

Secure connection created (via username and password) which encrypts data passed between your computer and the network you connected to .

z computing summary sheets - not finished, not planning to use currently (6 decks)

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