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z computing summary sheets - not finished, not planning to use currently > Unit 1.1 > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU?

A

The purpose of the CPU is to fetch instructions from RAM, decode them and execute them. It may process data in the ALU and may store data in RAM once the instruction is executed.

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3
Q

What process does the Von-Neumann architecture follow?

A

follows a linear process – FETCH/DECODE/EXECUTE

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4
Q

What does the Von-Neumann architecture consist of?

A

This architecture has a single processor which retrieves instructions and data from memory (RAM)
Has: PC, MAR, CU, CIR, MDR, ACC, ALU, address bus, control bus and data bus connected to RAM

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5
Q

What is a register on the CPU?

A

A register is a small block of memory to hold data, normally about 4/8 bytes, which is used in order for instructions to be processed.

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6
Q

What does PC stand for?

A

Program Counter

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7
Q

What does MAR stand for?

A

Memory Address Register

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8
Q

What does MDR stand for?

A

Memory Data Register

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9
Q

What does ACC stand for?

A

Accumulator

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10
Q

What does CIR stand for?

A

Current Instruction Register

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the PC?

A

Stores the memory address of the next instruction. Is incremented by one after an instruction is fetched.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the MAR?

A

A special purpose register which stores the address of the next instruction or data to be fetched into the CPU. This is where the address that was read by the PC is sent.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the MDR?

A

A special purpose register which stores the data fetched using the address found in the MAR.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the ACC?

A

Stores a running total of the calculation that is currently happening.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the CIR?

A

Holds the instruction (and associated data) that is currently being implemented – added at the end of Fetch cycle from MDR (because MDR may be overwritten in execute cycle.

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16
Q

What does CU stand for?

A

The Control Unit

17
Q

What does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

18
Q

What is the purpose of the CU?

A

Controls the flow of data in the CPU in the fetch execute cycle. Controls the input and output of data so data goes to the correct place at the correct time. Controls and monitors hardware.

19
Q

What is the purpose of the ALU?

A

It works out any arithmetic needed. This means it adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides. It works out any logic comparisons e.g. is one number less than another? Is one number equal to another, and so on.

20
Q

What factors affect CPU Performance?

A

Processor speed
Number of cores
Cache size

21
Q

What is the processor speed/clock speed?

A

Measured in GHz is the number of cycles that can be completed in one second.

22
Q

How can processor speed/clock speed affect CPU performance?

A

The higher the processor speed the more quickly the instructions can be processed.

23
Q

What are the registers on the CPU?

A 
MAR
MDR
CIR
PC
ACC
24
Q

How can the number of cores affect CPU performance?

A

Multi core processors can carry out more instructions per second than single core. Each core executes instructions independently. Dual Core may execute up to twice as many instructions per second – and so on for quad core…

25
Q

How can the cache size affect CPU performance?

A

Small amount of very fast memory on the CPU itself. The Cache acts as an intermediary between the processor and the Main Memory. As programs are executing – the Cache holds commonly used instructions and those it is immediately processing.

26
Q

Define an embedded system:

A

An embedded system is a computer system that is inside another system.

27
Q

What are some examples of embedded systems?

A

central heating control
microwave
washing machine
alarm system

28
Q

What does LMC stand for?

A

Little Man Computer

29
Q

What is the LMC?

A

Little Man Computer shows how the CPU fetches, decodes and executes programs held in memory.

30
Q

What type of programming language does LMC use?

A

assembly language

z computing summary sheets - not finished, not planning to use currently (6 decks)

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