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GCSE Computer Science OCR J277 > Unit 1.3 Networks > Flashcards

Unit 1.3 Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of networks

A

LAN
WAN

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2
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)

A

A Local Area Network covers a small geographical area located on a single site

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3
Q

What is all the hardware for a LAN owned by

A

All the hardware for a LAN is owned by the organisation using it

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4
Q

How are LANs wired

A

LANs are wired with UTP cable, fibre optic or wireless using Wi-Fi

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5
Q

What is a Wide Area Netowork

A

A Wide Area Network covers a large geographical area, connecting LANs together.

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6
Q

The infrastructure between LANs is leased from what?

A

The infrastructure between the LANs is leased from telecommunication companies who own and manage it.

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7
Q

How are WANs connected

A

WANs are connected with telephone lines, fibre optics cables or satellite links

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8
Q

Advantages of networking

A

Users can share files

Users can share peripherals: printers and connections to other networks, e.g. The Internet

Users can access their files from any computer on the network

Servers can control security, software updates and the backup of data.

Communication with other people, e.g. email and social networking

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9
Q

Disadvantages of networking

A

Increased security risks to data (as it is now shared)

Malware and viruses can spread very easily between computers (connected devices)

If a (central)server fails, the computers connected to it may not work (depending on the configuration)

The computers may run more slowly if there is a lot of data travelling on the network (and a lot of traffic on the network)

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10
Q

How are computers in a LAN connected

A

Computers in a Local Area Network (LAN) are connected with a switch

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11
Q

How are computers in a Wide Area Network connected

A

Computers in Wide Area Networks (WANs) are connected with a router

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12
Q

Factors that affect the performance of networks

A

Number of devices connected
Bandwidth
Transmission media
Latency/hardware limitations
Amount of traffic on the network
(Error rate)

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13
Q

What is bandwidth

A

The maximum amount of data that can be sent and received successfully in a given time

This is not a measure of how fast data travels, but how much data can be sent on the transmission media.

_______
e.g. water travelling through a straw and a drain pipe.

Water can travel at the same speed, through both, but bandwidth is much lower when water travels through the straw than drain pipe.

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14
Q

What is bandwidth measured in

A

Measured in bits per second, often called bit rate.

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15
Q

Explain how bandwidth affects the performance of networks

A

The greater the bandwidth, the more data can flow, even if data is travelling at the same speed

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16
Q

Explain how the number of users affect the performance of networks

A

All the devices are sharing the available bandwidth
As more devices join the network, the bandwidth is divided into smaller and smaller amounts

17
Q

Explain how the type of transmission media affects the performance of networks

A

Wired connections are usually a lot faster than wireless connections with fibre optic being a lot faster than copper cable

18
Q

Explain how the amount of traffic on the network affects the performance of the network

A

The more traffic, the more collisions there will be between the data packets (a small block of data that is transmitted from one computer to another) being transmitted.
This leads to transmission errors and the packets having to be resent

19
Q

Explain how latency/hardware limitations affects performance of a network

A

Too much traffic may be routed through a single point leading to congestion and bottlenecks.
More switches and routers can be added to help improve the performance

20
Q

Explain how type of network media affects performance of a network

A

Wired connections are usually a lot faster than wireless connections with fibre optic being a lot faster than copper cable

21
Q

Describe the client-server network

A

A server controls access and security to one shared file store
A server manages: access to the internet, printing jobs, it provides email services and runs a back up of data

A client (individual clients connected to the server) makes requests to the server for data and connections

22
Q

Advantages client server network

A

Easier to manage security files (easier to manage the security of the files on this network)

Easier to take backups of all shared data.

Easier to install software updates to all computers (easier to install software updates across the network)

23
Q

Disadvantages client server network

A

Can be expensive to setup and maintain

Requires IT specialists to maintain

The server is a single point of failure

Users will lose access if the server fails

24
Q

Describe the peer to peer networks

A

A peer is a computer on a network, and is equal to all other peers

Peers serve their own files to each other

Each peer is responsible for its own security

Each peer is responsible for its own backup

Peers usually have their own printers

You can send print jobs to another per to process, but that peer would need to be switched on to be able to communicated with the connected printer

25
Q

Advantages of peer to peer network

A

Very easy to maintain

Specialist staff are not required

No dependency on a single computer

Cheaper to set up

No expensive hardware required

26
Q

Disadvantages to peer to peer networks

A

The network is less secure

Users will need to manage their own backups

Can be difficult to maintain a well ordered file store.

27
Q

What is a network interface card/controller

A

A network interface controller (NIC) connects a device to wired or wireless networking connection

28
Q

How do NICs work

A

They use a protocol ( a set of rules that governs how communication between the device and the connected media or wireless should occur) to determine how the connection should work (+ to ensure successful communication)

They allow (connect) a device to connect to either a wired or wireless network

29
Q

What is a wireless access point

A

Allows wireless enabled devices to connect to a network without cables

30
Q

Advantages of wireless access point

A

More convenient
Wireless connections are popular because it avoids the need to install cables

31
Q

Disadvantages of wireless access point

A

They have less bandwidth than a wired connection (Bandwidth on a wireless connection is lower than on a wired connection)

Security is more of a concern with wireless connections

Connection is sometimes not as strong or reliable as wired connections.

32
Q

What is a switch

A

Sends data between computers on a LAN

33
Q

How do switches work

A

They segment the network by forwarding traffic to the correct location (to the correct device on another switch)

Switches learn which devices are connected and understand how to forward traffic in an intelligent way.

Switches use the network interface controller address on a device to route traffic

They learn where devices are on the network by reading the ‘from address’ on each packet that they receive.

If they recognise the ‘to address’, they can route data packets to the correct connection

If not, they will broadcast the packets to all connections.

34
Q

What is a router

A

Sends data between networks

35
Q

Features of a router

A

It creates a WAN from a number of LANs

You cannot connect to a WAN (such as: The Internet) without using a router

A router is needed to connect a Local Area Network to a Wide Area Network.

A router uses an IP address (Internet Protocol address) to route traffic to other routers

36
Q

Types of transmission media

A

Fibre optic cables
Copper cables (UTP)

37
Q

Advantages of copper cable

A

Copper cable is cheap and flexible which makes it easy to install

Wired connections assure maximum bandwidth, security and reliability

The wired connections are made up of twisted pair cables, the wires are twisted around each other to reduce interference

Normally a set of wires for transmission and a set of wires for receiving data.

The grade of copper and insulating material affects the overall cable and therefore the bandwidth.

Connections between desktop computers and a switch or router are usually achieved with a wired connection.

38
Q

Advantages of fibre optic tables

A

Uses light to transmit data

Can cover much longer distances and greater bandwidth than copper – due to reduced interference

(They are therefore used in high-traffic connections such as between switches and to remote buildings)

Longer distance cables and wide area networks are usually connected with fibre optic cable

The backbone of The Internet uses fibre optic cables

Fibre optic has a higher bandwidth than copper and suffers from less interference.

GCSE Computer Science OCR J277 (21 decks)

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