Unit 13: Diet and Cancer Flashcards
discuss the problems in interpreting the results of research studies on the relationship between diet and risk of cancer.
Interpreting research on diet-cancer relationships is challenging due to various factors: diverse study designs, self-reported dietary data, confounding variables, and complex interactions among nutrients. Findings can be inconsistent, requiring cautious interpretation and consideration of the overall body of evidence rather than isolated studies.
discuss dietary factors that help prevent colon cancer and describe the known mechanisms by which this occurs.
Dietary factors that help prevent colon cancer include high fiber intake (from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables), sufficient calcium and vitamin D, and limited red and processed meat consumption. Mechanisms involve fiber’s promotion of bowel regularity and reduced inflammation, calcium and vitamin D’s cell growth regulation, and lower meat intake’s reduction of harmful compounds and inflammation.
discuss the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and breast cancer.
Diet and lifestyle play a role in breast cancer risk. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low in saturated fats may reduce risk. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, limited alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco contribute to lower risk.
discuss the relationship between diet, meat, and cancer.
The relationship between diet, particularly high meat consumption, and cancer is complex. High intake of red and processed meats has been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, possibly due to carcinogenic compounds formed during cooking or processing. A balanced diet with limited red and processed meats, along with an emphasis on plant-based foods, may help reduce cancer risk.
discuss the role of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains in cancer prevention.
Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains play a crucial role in cancer prevention. They are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and fiber that help reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and support a healthy immune system. Their consumption is associated with lower cancer risk due to these protective properties.
discuss the role of selenium and vitamin D in cancer.
Selenium and vitamin D are thought to have potential roles in cancer prevention. Selenium acts as an antioxidant and is involved in DNA repair mechanisms, while vitamin D plays a role in regulating cell growth, immune function, and inflammation. However, the relationship between these nutrients and cancer is complex and requires more research for definitive conclusions.
