Unit 12: Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 1

discuss the relationship between dietary factors and the blood level of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Answer 1

Dietary factors play a significant role in influencing blood levels of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. High intake of saturated and trans fats tends to raise LDL cholesterol levels, which is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. On the other hand, consuming unsaturated fats, particularly from sources like nuts, seeds, and fatty fish, can help raise HDL cholesterol levels, which is considered beneficial for heart health. Excessive intake of refined carbohydrates and sugars can lead to elevated triglyceride levels. Overall, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help maintain healthy levels of these lipids and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Question 2

discuss the role of diet and lifestyle in the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Answer 2

Diet and lifestyle significantly contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease. High intake of saturated and trans fats, along with excess sugar and refined carbohydrates, promotes plaque buildup in arteries. Lack of physical activity, smoking, and chronic stress further accelerate this process. Conversely, a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and regular exercise can prevent or mitigate atherosclerosis and lower the risk of heart disease.

Question 3

discuss diet-related factors that affect the development of hypertension.

Answer 3

Diet-related factors that contribute to hypertension include high sodium intake (from salt), excessive consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and a low intake of potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables. These factors can disrupt blood pressure regulation and increase the risk of developing hypertension.

Question 4

What does LDL and HDL stand for

Answer 4

LDL = low-density lipoprotein

HDL = high-density lipoprotein

Question 5

explain the difference between ldl and hdl

Answer 5

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) are two types of cholesterol in the blood.

LDL is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.

HDL is considered “good” cholesterol as it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of heart disease.