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Biology UNIT 1 > Unit 1.2 - Respiration And The Respiratory System In Humans > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 - Respiration And The Respiratory System In Humans Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration that requires oxygen

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2
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration that doesn’t require oxygen

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3
Q

T/F
All living things respire continuously

A

True, every living cell requires energy

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4
Q

T/F
Breathing and respiration are the same thing

A

False, breathing provides oxygen for respiration

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5
Q

Respiration

A

Process where all living things obtain energy from food

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6
Q

Why is oxygen needed in respiration

A

To react with food molecules (glucose) to form energy

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7
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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8
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose -> lactic acid + energy

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9
Q

Glucose chemical formula

A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

Lactic acid chemical formula

A

C3H6O3

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11
Q

How many reactions (ATP generated) from 1 glucose - aerobic

A

38

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12
Q

How many reactions (ATP generated) from 1 glucose - anaerobic

A

2

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13
Q

Oxygen debt equation

A

Lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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14
Q

Aerobic - end products

A

Carbon dioxide
Water
Energy

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15
Q

Anaerobic - end products

A

Lactic acid
Energy

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16
Q

Aerobic - glucose breakdown

A

Complete

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17
Q

Anaerobic - glucose breakdown

A

Incomplete

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18
Q

Aerobic - energy released

A

Relatively large amounts of energy released. More ATP produced per molecule of glucose - more efficient.

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19
Q

Anaerobic - energy released

A

Relatively small amounts of energy released. Less ATP produced per molecule of glucose - less efficient

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20
Q

Inspiration (5)

A

Pressure decreases
Diaphragm contracts/flattens
Intercostal muscles contract/ribs up & out
Volume of chest increases
Air rushes into lungs

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21
Q

Expiration (5)

A

Pressure increases
Diaphragm relaxes/domes upwards
Intercostal muscles relax/ribs down & in
Volume of chest decreases
Air rushes out of lungs

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22
Q

Pressure increases…

A

…volume decreases

23
Q

Pressure decreases…

A

…volume increases

24
Q

Alveoli adaptations (4)

A

Large surface area
Good blood supply
Thin walls
Moist lining

25
Q

Explain alveoli adaptations - Large surface area

A

Increases gaseous exchange

26
Q

%oxygen inhaled air

A

21

27
Q

%oxygen exhaled air

A

16

28
Q

%carbon dioxide inhaled air

A

0.04

29
Q

%carbon dioxide exhaled air

A

4

30
Q

%nitrogen inhaled air

A

79

31
Q

%nitrogen exhaled air

A

79

32
Q

Affects of smoking - cillia

A

Cilia in trachea and bronchi are paralysed for an hour after a cigarette

33
Q

Death statistics from smoking - UK

A

80% of deaths from Lund cancer, bronchitis and emphysema
Almost 20% of deaths from heart disease

34
Q

Tar

A

Coats surface of breathing tubes and alveoli, causes coughing & damages alveoli - harder for gas exchange to occur

35
Q

Nicotine

A

Addictive
Increases heart rate & blood pressure, blood vessels narrower

36
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Takes place of oxygen in red blood cells in respiration. Less oxygen carried by the blood resulting in more work from circulatory system.

37
Q

Tar - diseases

A

Carcinogen - causes cancer of lungs, mouth, throat.

38
Q

Affects of smoking - mucus

A

Chemicals from smoke irritate lungs and clog up the mucus resulting in it building up. If mucus becomes infected it can cause bronchitis

39
Q

Affects of smoking - cough

A

Coughing causes damage to alveolar walls - reduces their surface for gas exchange and results in shortness of oxygen & emphysema.

40
Q

Nicotine - diseases

A

Heart disease

41
Q

Carbon monoxide - diseases

A

Heart disease

42
Q

Mucus - function

A

Traps dust or bacteria from inhaled air

43
Q

Cilia

A

Move mucus out of lungs to back of throat

44
Q

How does the body get rid of used mucus

A

Swallowed and destroyed in stomach acid

45
Q

Emphysema

A

The condition where the walls of alveoli break down

46
Q

Bronchitis

A

A condition where the bronchi & bronchioles become inflamed

47
Q

What is Oxygen debt

A

Lactic acid needs to be broken down by oxygen. When oxygen isn’t present in an anaerobic respiration, lactic acid builds up creating an oxygen debt.

48
Q

Advantage of anaerobic respiration

A

Releases energy for a short period of time

49
Q

Disadvantage of anaerobic respiration

A

Produces lactic acid - toxic to body
Not suitable for long time activities

50
Q

__% of lung cancer are caused by smoking

A

90

51
Q

Explain alveoli adaptations - good blood supply

A

Increases gaseous exchange

52
Q

Explain alveoli adaptations - thin walls

A

gasses can pass through by diffusion much easier

53
Q

Explain alveoli adaptations - moist lining

A

to dissolve oxygen so that it can diffuse through the alveolus wall

Biology UNIT 1 (2 decks)

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