Unit 1.1 - Cells And Movement Across Cell Membranes Flashcards
Nucleus
Controls activities of the cell
Found in both animal and plant cells
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Found in both animal and plant cells
Cell wall
Made of strong cellulose to support the cell
Found in plant cells
Cytoplasm
Place where most chemical reactions take place
Found in both animal and plant cells
Vacuole
Pushes the rest of the cell contents against the cell wall
Found only in plant cells
Cell sap
Found in the vacuole. Contains stored food
Found in plant cells
Mitochondrion
Site of aerobic respiration. Powerhouse of the cell
Found in plant cells
Chloroplast
Place where cells make food by photosynthesis
Found in plant cells
Chlorophyll
Green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light for photosynthesis
Found in plant cells
Tissue
A group of similar cells with similar functions
Organ
A group of similar tissue with similar functions
Organ system
A collection of several organs that work together
Concentration gradient
The difference between particle concentrations in two areas. (Slope)
Name a cell that contains too much water
Turgid cell
Name a cell that contains too little water
Flaccid / plasmolysed cell
Active transport
The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient using a carrier molecule in the membrane (requires energy)
Diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration (doesn’t require energy)
Osmosis
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi permeable membrane (doesn’t require energy)
A model of enzyme action
Lock & key Hypothesis
Enzyme-substrate complex
Temporary molecule formed when the substrate binds with an enzyme
Two physical factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature & pH
How many amino acids form an average enzyme
400
How many different amino acids are there
20
Dilute solution
High concentration of water
Concentrated solution
Low concentration of water
What prevents active transport from occurring
Anything that interferes with respiration
What do enzymes do
Break down large insoluble molecules into smaller more soluble molecules
What holds the shape of the active site
Chemical bonds
What are Enzymes are made up of
Amino acids
Different enzymes are made of …
…different combinations of amino acids
What determines the function of an enzyme
It’s 3 dimensional shape
What happens when an enzyme is denatured?
It doesn’t break down substrates
How to calculate magnification of picture
Length of picture/real length (use same units of measure)
What enables substances to pass into the cell
Pores in the cell membrane (membrane is semi permeable)
Optimal temperature for enzymes to work properly
Body temperature
