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FINALS BACTE LEC > Unit 1.2 > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonella spp. only 2 spp,

A

S. enteritidis & S. bongori

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2
Q

classifies Salmonella into serotypes, based on surface antigens: O & H antigens, and add’l Vi antigen which is a
special subtype of the capsule’s K antigen in S. Typhi

A

Kauffman-White Classification

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3
Q

SEROTYPES OR SALMONELLA
1. typhi
2. paratyphi A
3. paratyphi B
4. choleraesuis
5. typhimurium
6. enteritidis

A
  1. O:9/ Group D1
  2. O:2/ Group A
  3. O:4/ Group B
  4. O:7/ Group C1
  5. O:4/ Group B
  6. Group D
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4
Q

Kauffman-White Classification:

  1. consist of LPS protein chains exposed to the cell surface
  2. consist of proteins
A
  1. O antigens
  2. H antigens
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5
Q

3 spp. of Salmonella were identified in human specimens :

  1. specific for humans and cause severe and fatal
  2. non-human sources, but can also cause disease in humans
  3. with which most serotypes belong
    - specific for humans; cause S.typhi-like disease
    - found in rats & mice, but can also associate w/ man in disease
A
  1. S. typhi (Eberth’s bacillus/ Eberthella typhi)
  2. S. choleraesuis
  3. S. enteritids
    - S. paratyphi A/B/C
    - S. typhimurium
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6
Q

based on DNA homology & sequencing

A

DNA Relatedness

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7
Q

S. enterica subsp
I
II
IIIa
IIIb
IV
VI

A

S. enteric subsp. enterica
salamae
arizonae
diarizonae
houtenae
indica

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8
Q

_____ first (boldface numerals) ➡️ ___ (when
present) ➡️ ____ (lowercase letter) ➡️ ____ (when present; numeral)

___ separate major antigens, and ___ separate components

A

O antigens ➡️ Vi antigens ➡️ H antigens phase 1 ➡️ H antigens phase 2

colons separate major
antigens, and comma separate components

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9
Q

highly adapted to human and have no animal reservoir

A

S. typhi, S. paratyphi A & S. paratyphi B

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10
Q

infection w/ Salmonella spp. is called

A

salmonellosis

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11
Q

Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations of Salmonella:

  1. ____ inc. typhoid fever (by S. typhi) & paratyphoid fever (by S.mparatyphi), collectively call the ______
  2. multisystemic disease
  3. most common manifestation of salmonellosis
  4. most commonly associated w/ S.
    Typhimurium & S. Enteritidis
  5. associated commonly w/ S. Choleraesuis
A
  1. ENTERIC FEVER; Typhoidal Serotypes
  2. ENTERIC FEVER
  3. ENTEROCOLITIS -GASTROENTERITIS
  4. ENTEROCOLITIS - GASTROENTERITIS
  5. BACTEREMIA W/ FOCAL LESIONS
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12
Q

ENTERIC FEVER (blood cultures; stool analysis)

  1. 1st week
  2. 2nd week
  3. 3rd week
  4. 4th week
A
  1. blood cultures (+); stool analysis (-)
  2. blood cultures (+); stool analysis (+)
  3. N/A
  4. stool specimen (used for diagnosis of carrier state)
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13
Q

ENTERIC FEVER VIRULENCE FACTORS:

  1. adherence to intestinal epithelium in terminal ileum
  2. activates macrophages, resulting in pyrogenicity,leukocytosis, & shock
  3. found in S. Typhi only
  4. secreted by intracellular typhoidal serotype within vesicles and released into extracellular space
  5. resistance to killing by complement-mediated bacteriolysis
  6. long-term survival & transmission by
    targeting immune system and CNS
A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Endotoxin (LPS)
  3. Vi antigenic
  4. Polysaccharide Capsule (Vi Ag)
  5. Polysaccharide Capsule (Vi Ag)
  6. Typhoid Toxin
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14
Q

ENTEROCOLITIS - GASTROENTERITIS VIRULENCE FACTORS:

blood cultures =
stool cultures =

  1. similar to those in typhoidal salmonellae
  2. LT (gCMP) or ST (cAMP) similar to those of E. coli, which causes hypersecretion
  3. associated w/ inflammatory response
A

blood cultures = negative
stool cultures = positive

  1. Fimbriae & Endotoxin
  2. Enterotoxin
  3. Cytotoxin
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15
Q

BACTEREMIA W/ FOCAL LESIONS

blood cultures =
stool cultures =

A

positive
positive

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16
Q

2 currently available vaccines for Typhoid fever:

  1. live attenuated oral vaccine in capsule formulation
  2. purified capsular antigen
  3. protection should last about 5 years
  4. booster dose is given every 2 years
A
  1. Ty21a
  2. Vi Capsular Polysaccharide
  3. Ty21a
  4. Vi Capsular Polysaccharide
17
Q

SHIGELLA SPP: common names

  1. S. Dysenteriae
  2. S. Flexneri
  3. S. Boydii
  4. S. Sonnei
A
  1. Shiga’s bacillus/ Japanese
  2. Flexner’s/Strong/ Philippine
  3. Boyd’s/ British
  4. Sonne-Duval/ US
18
Q

CLASSIFICATION IJ SHIGELLA; separates them into 4 serogroups (A, B, C, & D), and further subdivided into a total of >40 serotypes

shigellae can be differentiated by mannitol
fermentation w/ acid production, and ___ which is based on their ability to produce___

A

Ewing’s Classification
ONPG; β-galactosidase

19
Q

Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations of Shigella

invasion of mucosal epithelial cells (M cells) of terminal ileum and large intestine is the key to pathogenicity

A

SHIGELLOSIS/ BACILLARY DYSENTERY

20
Q

SHIGELLOSIS VIRULENCE FACTORS

  1. mediate attachment to epithelial cell
  2. actin polymerization
  3. irritation of bowel wall
  4. produced by S.dysenteriae type 1
    - producing diarrhea
    - contributes to CNS rxn observed (coma)
    - irreversibly binding to host ribosomes, interferes w/ 60S ribosomal subunit
A
  1. Outer Membrane Proteins
  2. Outer Membrane Proteins
  3. Endotoxin (LPS)
  4. S. dysenteriae Exotoxin (Shiga Toxin)
    - Enterotoxin
    - Neurotoxin
    - Cytotoxin
21
Q

KLEBSIELLA-ENTEROBACTER-SERRATIA:

  1. common name of k. pneumoniae
  2. has been associated w/ large polysaccharide capsule
  3. linked to antibiotic/antimicrobial-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC)
  4. resemble Klebsiella in terms of growth and most biochemical characteristics except that they motile
  5. cause of many nosocomial infections
  6. most important member of genus Serratia; is acommon opportunistic pathogen, narcotics addicts &mhospitalized patient
    - producing 3 hydrolysis enzymes
  7. exhibit chromogenicity producing red pigments
    -non-water-soluble & non-diffusible
    -water-soluble & diffusible
A
  1. Friedlander’s bacillus
  2. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. Klebsiella oxytoca
  4. Klebsiella aerogenes
  5. Klebsiella aerogenes
  6. S. marcescen
    - DNASE, LIPASE, GELATINASE
  7. S. marcescen
    -Prodigiosin
    - Pyrimine
22
Q

PROTEUS-MORGANELLA-PROVIDENCIA

widely recognized human
pathogens in genus Proteus and have been isolated from urine,
wounds, and ear and bacteremic infections

highly motile and give rise to a very thin film of bacteria

A

P. mirabilis & P. vulgaris

23
Q

PROTEUS-MORGANELLA-PROVIDENCIA

only species of genus Morganella, unlike proteus spp, it doesn’t ___

A

Morganella morganii
swarm

24
Q

PROTEUS-MORGANELLA-PROVIDENCIA

have been associated w/ human infections; infections esp. in immuocompromised patients are
particularly difficult to treat because of their resistance to antimicrobials
- outbreaks in health care settings; diarrheal disease
- burn units; urine cultures

most commonly found in the feces of children w/ diarrhea

A

P. rettgeri & P. stuartii
- P. rettgeri
- P. stuarii

P. alcalifaciens

25
Q

biochemically and antigenically related to most Salmonella serotypes, other than S. typhi, thus must be distinguished from Salmonella

associated w/ UTIs, respiratory tract infections & sepsis

A

C. freundii

CITROBACTER SPECIES

26
Q

only recognized human pathogen in genus Edwarsiella

A

EDWARDSIELLA TARDA

27
Q

YERSINIA SPECIES

  1. Enteric
  2. Non-Enteric
A
  1. Y. enterocolitica & Y. pseudotuberculosis
  2. Y. pestis
28
Q

Yersinia pestis:

  1. common name
  2. caused the great pandemic
  3. primary reservoir
  4. the oriental rat flea
  5. wild animals plague
  6. domestic animals plague
A
  1. Plague Bacillus
  2. Black Death
  3. rodents
  4. Xenopsylla cheopis
  5. sylvatic plague
  6. urban plague
29
Q

PATHOGENESIS & CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF Y. PESTIS

  1. most common form of plague
    - painful, swollen, & necrotic regional lymph nodes
  2. has extensive lung involvement, high fatality rate
    - proliferate in bloodstream & respiratory tract
    - inhalation of infectious respiratory droplets
  3. least common of the three forms
    - purple skin patches due to disseminated intravascular coagulation
A
  1. BUBONIC PLAGUE
    - Buboes
  2. PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
    - secondary
    - primary
  3. SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE
    - Purpura
30
Q

Y. PESTIS VIRULENCE

  1. possess lipopolysaccharides that
    have endotoxic activity when released
  2. membrane-spanning complex
  3. encoded by genes on a plasmid; requirement for calcium
  4. genes that yield
    plasminogen-activating protease
  5. dissemination of the organism
  6. encodes the capsular protein
  7. contains genes that encode phospholipase
  8. encoded by a pathogenicity island (PAI)
A
  1. Endotoxin
  2. Type III Secretion Systems
  3. V & W Antigens
  4. pPCP1
  5. pPCP1
  6. pFra/ pMT
  7. pFra/ pMT
  8. Yersiniabactin
31
Q

other Yersinia species pathogenic to humans

found in intestines

A

Y. enterocolitica &
Y. pseudotuberculosis

32
Q

Other Yersinia:
1. have been found in a wide variety of animals,
inc. domestic swine, cats, & dogs
2. pathogen primarily of rodents, particularly guinea pigs

A
  1. Y. enterocolitica
  2. Y. pseudotuberculosis
33
Q

represents the only species in the genus Plesiomonas

  1. only member of Enterobacteriaceae that is ___ and motile by ___ flagellation
  2. virulence factors
A

PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES

  1. oxidase positive, motile by lophotrichous
  2. hemolysins, cytotoxins, production of exoenzymes

FINALS BACTE LEC (9 decks)

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