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Biology - Alex > Unit 11 Test > Flashcards

Unit 11 Test Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Which kind of behavior is probably the least influential in human behavior?
A

instinct

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2
Q
  1. The cavity in the skull which contains the brain is the
A

cranial cavity

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3
Q
  1. The body cavity that contains the heart and the lungs is the
A

thoracic cavity

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4
Q
  1. The fingers in relation to the elbow are (direction)
A

distal

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5
Q
  1. The type of tissue that includes bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph is called?
A

connective

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6
Q
  1. The type of tissue that covers the body and lines the digestive tract is
A

epithilial

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7
Q
  1. Name the major types of tissues found in the human body.
A
  • connective
  • epithilial
  • muscle
  • nervous
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8
Q
  1. Which one of the skin layers carries on mitosis, supplying cells that will eventually be sloughed off?
A

stratum germativum

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9
Q
  1. The layer of skin that is made up of dead cells is the
A

horny layer

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10
Q
  1. Skin and hair are part of the which system?
A

integumentary

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11
Q
  1. The layers of the skin, in correct order from superficial to deep, are
A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutaneous
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12
Q
  1. What helps keep the hair soft?
A

sebaceous gland

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13
Q
  1. Mild burns (like most sunburns) affect only as deep as the
A

epidermis

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14
Q
  1. A pigment that the skin uses in protection against exposure to ultraviolet radiation is
A

melanin

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15
Q
  1. What are the functions of the bones?
A
  • support
  • manufacturing blood cells
  • protecting organs
  • storing minerals
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16
Q
  1. What is the epiphyseal plate and why is it important?
A
  • end of long bones

- bone growth

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17
Q
  1. The tough fibrous tissue covering the outside of a bone is the
A

periosteum

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18
Q
  1. A tissue that fills the central cavity of long bones as a person grows older and is primarily composed of fat cells is
A

Yellow bone marrow

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19
Q
  1. A tissue that is active in the formation of red blood cells is the
A

red bone marrow

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20
Q
  1. The major mineral substance deposited in bone is
A

calcium

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21
Q
  1. The posterior region of the zygomatic arch is made up of the
A

temporal bone

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22
Q
  1. What is the hole in a vertebra called?
A

neural arch

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23
Q
  1. The bone called the calcaneus has as its common name the
A

heel bone

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24
Q
  1. The joint between the humerus and the radius is a
A

hinge joint

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25
Q
  1. A connection between two or more bones or between cartilage and bone is called a
A

joint

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26
Q
  1. Tough strands of connective tissue that hold the bones of ball-and-socket and hinge joints in place are called
A

ligaments

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27
Q
  1. The joints between the various carpals and between the various tarsals are called
A

gliding joints

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28
Q
  1. The type of joint illustrated between the atlas and the axis is a
A

pivot joint

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29
Q
  1. A hinge joint is located in the
A

knee and elbow

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30
Q
  1. A band of connective tissue between the fleshy portion of a muscle and a bone is
A

tendon

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31
Q
  1. A secretion that lubricates a joint and acts as a shock absorber is
A

synovial fluid

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32
Q
  1. What [kind of] muscles move your fingers?
A

skeletal

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33
Q
  1. Muscle that is striated and voluntary is said to be
A

skeletal

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34
Q
  1. What does smooth muscle do and where is it found?
A
  • no concious control over smooth muscle (lines organs, etc.)
  • Involuntary
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35
Q
  1. Muscle that is involuntary and is found in the walls of the digestive system and blood vessels is said to be
A

smooth

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36
Q
  1. Myofibrils are fine threads that make up what?
A

all muscles

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37
Q
  1. What does the ATP molecule provide to the muscles?
A

energy

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38
Q
  1. Name the two structural protein filaments found in muscle cells.
A
  • actin

- myosin

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39
Q
  1. A movement toward the midline of the body is done by what kind of muscle?
A

adductor

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40
Q
  1. The biceps brachii is antagonistic to the
A

triceps brachii

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41
Q
  1. A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint is called a/an
A

flexor

42
Q
  1. The masseter would aid one most in
A

chewing

43
Q
  1. The muscle that would adduct the thigh from a wide foot base (feet far apart) would have its origin on the
A

ischium

44
Q
  1. Name examples of a sphincter muscles and their locations.
A

obicularis oris (lips)

45
Q
  1. The pectoralis major would help you most in what physical exercise?
A

pushups

46
Q
  1. A person who uses his gastrocnemius will have well-developed
A

calves

47
Q
  1. The rectus abdominis would help you most in what physical exercise?
A

situps

48
Q
  1. After a great deal of exercise, the soreness of muscles is caused in part by a build-up of
A

lactic acid

49
Q
  1. An inflamation caused by uric acid crystals deposited in the joints is called
A

gout

50
Q
  1. A broken bone that protrudes through the skin is known as what kind of fracture?
A

complete compound

51
Q
  1. Name all the bones of the body.
A

label 39 bones from page

52
Q
  1. The posterior portion of the soft palate ends at the
A

uvula

53
Q
  1. The voice box is another name for the
A

larynx

54
Q
  1. The pharynx has a total of how many openings?
A

7

55
Q
  1. The mouth cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the
A

palate

56
Q
  1. The trachea, just before entering the lungs, divides into two
A

bronchi

57
Q
  1. The microscopic sacs in the lungs where blood exchanges gases are the
A

alveoli

58
Q
  1. The gases within the lung are exchanged with the blood primarily in the
A

alveoli

59
Q
  1. The membrane that covers the lungs is called the
A

pleura

60
Q
  1. The mechanical process by which air is moved into the alveoli and then out again is
A

breathing

61
Q
  1. The exchange of oxygen between the blood and the body cells is called
A

internal respiration

62
Q
  1. The air that cannot be forced out of the lungs is said to be (May not be on the test)
A

residual

63
Q
  1. Hemoglobin is the normal carrier of most of the
A

oxygen

64
Q
  1. The air involved in normal, relaxed breathing during sleep is called
A

tidal volume

65
Q
  1. The forcing of air from the lungs is called
A

expiration

66
Q
  1. Which gas forms the strongest bond with hemoglobin?
A 
carbon monoxide (CO)
EXTRA CREDIT
67
Q
  1. What percentage of people who suffer from lung cancer are smokers?
A

99%

68
Q
  1. When oxygen combines with the red pigment molecule [hemoglobin] in the RBC it is called
A

oxyhemoglobin

69
Q
  1. Which are the functions of the nasal passages?
A

warms
filters
hydrates
smells

70
Q
  1. Name all the organs of the alimentary canal.
A 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
Duodenum
Large intestine
Anus
-You need to know which organ is not a part
---Pancreas
71
Q
  1. Mastication is
A

chewing

72
Q
  1. A tooth used for cutting and biting is a/an
A

Incisor

73
Q
  1. The number of deciduous teeth in a normal, complete set is
A

20

74
Q
  1. Starting at the front center of the upper jaw and going to the right rear of the mouth, the sequence of the teeth in a normal adult is
A

2 incisors, 1 cuspid, 2 premolars, 3 molars

75
Q
  1. The exposed portion of the tooth above the gum line is the
A

crown

76
Q
  1. The hard material that covers the crown of the tooth is the
A

enamel

77
Q
  1. The wavelike contractions of the alimentary canal that move food along are called
A

parystalsis

78
Q
  1. The semiliquid material in the stomach is called
A

chyme

79
Q
  1. Microscopic fingerlike structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine and contain blood and lymph vessels are the
A

villi

80
Q
  1. The main function of the esophagus is to
A

move food

81
Q
  1. Most food absorption and digestion occurs mainly in the
A

small intenstine

82
Q
  1. The passing of food from the stomach into the small intestine is controlled by the
A

pyloric valve/sphyncter

83
Q
  1. The portion of the small intestine in which the stomach empties is the
A

duodenum

84
Q
  1. The function of the small intestine is
A

chemical digestion and absorption

85
Q
  1. Name all of the structures of the villi.
A

blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
gland cells

86
Q
  1. What are the functions of the liver?
A
  • engulfing bacteria and worn out blood cells
  • removing drugs/poisons
  • converting excess glucose into glycogen and storing it
87
Q
  1. Much of the water in the digestive process is reabsorbed in the
A

large intestine

88
Q
  1. Name the functions of the large intestine.
A

Absorption of water

89
Q
  1. A substance essential to the body because it dissolves certain foods and aids in regulating fluid balance, pH level, and body temperature is
A

water

90
Q
  1. What is food fiber essentially?
A

nondigestible carbohydrates

91
Q
  1. Salivary enzymes begin the breaking down of
A

starches

92
Q
  1. Pepsin in gastric fluid acts on molecules of
A

Protein

93
Q
  1. A deficiency of iron in a person’s diet would most noticeably result in
A

Anemia

94
Q
  1. What are the essential minerals to humans?
A 
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Sodium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
95
Q
  1. A deficiency in vitamin C can best be remedied by eating
A

citrus fruits

96
Q
  1. What is the difference between fat-soluble vitamins, , minerals, and water-soluble vitamins?
A

Your body cannot make water-soluble vitamins

97
Q
  1. Bile is important in the emulsification of
A

Fats

98
Q
  1. An enzyme that acts on fats is
A

Lipase

99
Q
  1. What is a calorie?
A

a unit of heat energy

100
Q
  1. The energy required to maintain normal body functions is called
A

Basil metabolic weight

101
Q
  1. Why is a diet containing proteins so important?
A

It allows the body to grow and repair

Biology - Alex (6 decks)

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