unit 1.1 division and differentiation

Question 1

what are somatic cells

Answer 1

any cells in body not involved in reproduction

Question 2

germline cells

Answer 2

are gametes (ova/sperm) and stem cells divide to form gametes

Question 3

what are the 2 stages of meiosis

Answer 3

undergo 2 division
- separate homologous chromosomes
- separate chromatids

Question 5

what is cellular differentiation

Answer 5

cells express certain gene to produce protein characteristics for that type of cell

this allows cells to carry out specialised functions

some genes producing the protein characteristics are switched on or off

Question 6

embryonic stem cells are?

Answer 6

embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and differentiates to all cell types which makes up an individual

Question 7

what are tissue stem cells?

Answer 7

tissue stem cells are multipotent and differentiate to all cell type within particular cell type

Question 8

what are tissue stem cells used for

Answer 8

associated with growth, repair and the renewal of damaged/diseased organs

used as model cells to study the development of diseases or for drug screening

provide information of cellular differentiation

stem cells from the embryo can self renew under right conditions in the lab

Question 9

other ethical implications

Answer 9

although provide effective treatment but involves the destruction of a embryo (a potential life)

Question 10

cancer cells are

Answer 10

are cells that divide excessively and don’t respond to regulatory signals

Question 11

what are tumours and how do they form secondary tumours

Answer 11

tumours are mass of abnormal cells

the tumours fail to attach to each other and so spreads throughout the body