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Biology > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Human genome project

A

Identify DNA sequence that makes up human genetic material. 25,000 genes. Humans don’t use most of them

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1
Q

DNA finger print

A

Made from DNA that is cut and tagged. ( can be used to id people). Every persons is different

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2
Q

Microarray

A

Picture small dots. Shows what genes will show or not

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3
Q

Human genome

A

Contains about 25,000 genes

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4
Q

Genomics

A

Study of genomes

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5
Q

Genome

A

Genetic material, in everything

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6
Q

Gene therapy

A

Engendered virus to fix gene

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7
Q

Genetic counseling

A

Informs people about possible genetic diseases for their children

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8
Q

Genomic mapping

A

Find relative position of genes on chromosome or (genome)

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9
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Deliberately manipulating an organisms genes

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10
Q

GMO

A

Organism with recombinant genes

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11
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells continuously divid and differentiating quickly.

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12
Q

Clone

A

Making identical copies of an organism

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13
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

A strand of DNA formed by combing DNA from two different sources

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14
Q

Genetic imprinting

A

Genomes switch (turn on and off)

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15
Q

Multipointent

A

From adults, only specific type of tissues

16
Q

Pluripotent

A

From fetus, everything except gamatic sex cells

17
Q

Totipotent

A

Embryo, form any kind of cell

18
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Process where electricilly charged partials are pulled through gel.

19
Q

Restriction enzyme

A

Molecular “scissors” cuts DNA into fragments by recognizing specific sequences

20
Q

Bioinformatics

A

Science of gathering information

21
Q

RFLP. Restricted fragment length polymorphism

A

DNA pieces cut by same enzyme but end up at different lengths

22
Q

Southern blot

A

For DNA fingerprint

23
Q

Northern blot

A

Used for RNA

24
Q

DNA extraction

A

Removing DNA molecule from nucleus

25
Q

PCR Polymers chain reaction

A

Clones DNA sequences for more study

26
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Homologous chromosomes failed to separate

27
Q

Polyploid

A

Have more then one set of chromosomes. 3 instead of 2

28
Q

Deletion

A

Piece of chromosome is lost

29
Q

Mutation

A

Change in organisms genetic material

30
Q

Duplication

A

2 copies of part of a chromosomes

31
Q

Missense

A

Mutation resulting in a amino acid change

32
Q

Silent

A

Codon change causes no change in protein.

33
Q

Frameshift

A

Caused by insertion or deletion

34
Q

Nonsense

A

Codon becomes stop instead of a amino acid

35
Q

Duplication

A

Portion of chromosomes remain attached,leaving 1 chromosome with both traits

36
Q

Translocation

A

Gene brakes away from chromosome and becomes attached to a different one

37
Q

Inversion

A

Chromosome pieces rearrange their order

38
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes arranged by size

Biology (16 decks)

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