Unit 10.1 Flashcards
encapsulate
to express or show the most important facts about something:
It was very difficult to encapsulate the story of the revolution in a single one-hour documentary.
She encapsulates the stereotyped image that the British have of Americans.
chiefly
mainly:
The island chiefly attracts upmarket tourists.
magazines intended chiefly for teenagers
to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties:
to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties:
Mr Roe has kindled expectations that he must now strive to live up to.
In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms.
kindle
to cause strong feelings or ideas in someone:
Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.
relevant
connected with what is happening or being discussed:
Education should be relevant to the child’s needs.
retain
to keep or continue to have something:
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
He managed to retain his dignity throughout the performance.
endangered
in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful, etc.:
Social workers who look after abused or endangered children often have stressful days at work.
the endangered contracts of failing competitors
formerly
in the past:
The European Union was formerly called the European Community.
cause a stir
To incite trouble or excitement.
My best friend’s pink hair caused quite a stir at our very strict school.
mourn
to feel or express great sadness, especially because of someone’s death:
Queen Victoria mourned Prince Albert/Prince Albert’s death for 40 years.
She was still mourning for her brother.
fieldwork
study that consists of practical activities that are done away from your school, college, or place of work:
They had to go to Africa to do their fieldwork.
pidgin
English, French, etc. when it is spoken in a simple way by someone who does not speak that language well:
“He come here?” he asked in pidgin English.
creole
a language that has developed from a mixture of languages:
creole-speaking tribes
A creole develops a wider range of words, grammatical structures, and styles than is found in a pidgin.
presently
now; at the present time:
Of 200 boats, only 20 are presently operational.
Three sites are presently under consideration for the new hotel.
promptly
quickly, without delay, or at the arranged time:
We’ll have to leave fairly promptly (= on time) if we want to catch that train.
We try to answer readers’ letters as promptly (= quickly) as we can.
to spring
to move quickly and suddenly towards a particular place:
I sprang out of bed to answer the door.
The organization is ready to spring into action (= start taking action) the moment it receives its funding.
spring from sth
to come from or be a result of something:
His need to be liked obviously springs from a deep-rooted insecurity.
stem
to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing:
These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.
at issue
most important in what is being discussed:
The point at issue is what is best for the child.
take issue with sth
to disagree strongly:
I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions.
issue
to produce or provide something official:
The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.
The school issued a statement about its plans to the press./The school issued the press with a statement about its plans.
issue from sth
If something issues from a place, it comes out of that place:
A terrible scream issued from the room.
swell
to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount:
It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up).
The group recruited more members, swelling its ranks (= increasing its size) to more than 1.3 million.
enlarge on/upon sth
to give more details about something you have said or written:
Would you care to enlarge on what you’ve just said?
rely on sth/sb
to depend on or trust someone or something:
You can’t rely on good weather for the whole trip.
The system relies too heavily on one person.
splash out sth
to spend a lot of money on buying things, especially things that are pleasant to have but that you do not need:
They splashed out £3,000 on a holiday.
guesswork
the process of making a guess when you do not know all the facts:
The projected sales figures are pure guesswork on our part.
everything under the sun
everything that exists or is possible:
I’ve tried everything under the sun on this stain, but I just can’t get rid of it.
scrutiny
the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it:
The government’s record will be subjected to/come under (close) scrutiny in the weeks before the election.
stand up for sth/sb
to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked:
It’s high time we all stood up for our rights around here.
Don’t be bullied, learn to stand up for yourself and what you believe in.
splurge
to spend a lot of money on buying goods, especially expensive goods:
I feel like splurging (out) on a new dress.
I can happily splurge 3,000 pounds in one day.
