Unit 10 Test Flashcards
The long term result of the ___ was to reinforce differences between Protestants and Catholics.
Counter-Reformation
The ____ was the application of reason to improve government and society.
Enlightenment
Which system made calculations much easier for European mathematicians?
the Hindu-Arabic number system
Which statement about John Calvin is NOT true?
He led an army into battle against Catholic cantons.
The U.S. Bill of Rights ___.
protected individual rights such as the freedom of religion
On what authority did Martin say that the church would stand or fall?
the Bible’s authority
He discovered and studied the existence of bacteria with the many microscopes he built.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Temperatures could be accurately measured after he invented the mercury thermometer.
Gabriel Fahrenheit
His book, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres, described this Polish scientist’s view of a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who gained certitude about his own existence by saying “I think, therefore I am”?
Rene Descartes
A(n) ___ is a Christian who protested the Roman Catholic Church’s actions and teachings.
Protestant
Which statement was NOT a consequence of the Reformation?
Deism ceased to be a popular belief.
The ___ was a period of cooperation and tolerance in Muslim Spain under which Jewish scholarship flourished.
Jewish Golden Age
Which statement about Martin Luther is NOT true?
He encouraged the purchase of indulgences.
The Protestant Reformation began when ___.
Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the church door at Wittenberg
Which statement about John Calvin is NOT true?
He led an army into battle against Catholic cantons.
A(n) ___ is a Christian who protested the Roman Catholic Church’s actions and teachings.
Protestant
This intellectual put faith in human reason rather than traditional Christian views.
philosophe
This ancient art drew from medicine, astrology, science, mysticism, and art.
alchemy
an observable event
phenomenon
belief that God created natural laws but did not involve himself in the day-to-day workings of the universe
deism
evidence that can be reproduced or measured
empirical
to declare or make good or holy
justification
a believer who holds views CONTRARY to established beliefs
heretic
undeserved and unearned help from God
grace
a place in Roman Catholic theology where the soul is purified before entry into heaven
purgatory
The first English translation of the Bible was his work.
John Wycliffe
This Swiss reformer and “people’s priest” taught that only God was worthy of worship.
Ulrich Zwingli
He advanced Aristotle’s work by helping develop the Scientific Method.
Roger (Robert) Bacon
Using telescopes that he built, this Italian astronomer calculated the orbits of planets.
Galileo Galilei
His book, Wealth of Nations, argued that division of labor, improved production, and free markets created wealth.
Adam Smith
He believed that the mind began as a blank tablet and that natural law meant that people have natural
rights.
John Locke
Though he criticized Roman Catholicism, this French philosophe supported freedom of the press and freedom of religion.
Voltaire
This French baron separation of power within a government protected natural rights.
Montesquieu
The sale of ___ was corrupt because it taught the common people that salvation could be bought.
indulgences
