Unit 10

Question 1

Computing Innovation

Answer 1

includes a program as an integral part of its function. Can be physical (e.g. self-driving car), non-physical computing software (e.g. picture editing software), or non-physical computing concepts (e.g., e-commerce).

Question 2

Personally Identifiable Information (PII):

Answer 2

information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them.
Most digital technology needs some kind of PII to work
advertise to you by creating detailed profiles of who you are and what you like
PII can be used to steal the identity of a person, or stalk them online. Information that is often posted on social media can be combined to create a profile on you.

Question 3

10.3 takeaways

Answer 3

slide 6

Question 4

Phishing

Answer 4

a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information. That personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails.

Question 5

Keylogging

Answer 5

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

Question 6

Malware

Answer 6

oftware intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation

Question 7

Rogue Access Point

Answer 7

a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks. (starbucks2) (airport/traveling)

Question 8

10.4 takeaways

Answer 8

Our private data powers a lot of computing innovations in ways we like. It makes products that are convenient, interesting, personal, useful, and often “free” because we “pay” with our data.
Not every effect of a computing innovation is anticipated in advance.
This data can also be used by companies, governments, or criminals in ways that we didn’t intend or that threatens our privacy.

Question 9

Encryption

Answer 9

a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only “authorized” parties can read it.

Question 10

Decryption

Answer 10

a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text.

Question 11

Symmetric Key Encryption

Answer 11

involves one key for both encryption and decryption.

Question 12

Public Key Encryption

Answer 12

pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message.

Question 13

Multifactor Authentication

Answer 13

a method of computer access in which a user has to successfully provide evidence in at least two of the following categories: knowledge (something they know), possession (something they have), and inherence (something they are). Each step provides a new layer of security.

Question 14

Computer Virus Scanning Software

Answer 14

protects a computing system against infection.

Question 15

Cipher

Answer 15

the generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs encryption

Question 16

Caesar’s Cipher:

Answer 16

a technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some number of characters.

Question 17

Cracking encryption

Answer 17

When you attempt to decode a secret message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher, you are trying to crack the encryption.

Question 18

asymmetric key encryption

Answer 18

allows users to encrypt information using shared keys

Question 19

Distributed Denial of Service (DDos)

Answer 19

a cybercrime in which the attacker floods a server with internet traffic to prevent users from accessing connected online services and sites

Question 20

digital certificate

Answer 20

an electronic document used to prove the validity of a public key

Question 21

random substitution cipher

Answer 21

an encryption technique that maps each letter of the alphabet to a randomly chosen other letters of the alphabet.

Question 22

big data

Answer 22

data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity

Question 23

digital divide

Answer 23

the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology (ICT), and those that don’t or have restricted access

Question 24

heuristic

Answer 24

when it’s impractical to solve a particular problem with a step-by-step algorithm

Question 25

botnet

Answer 25

a network of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a single attacking party, known as the “bot-herder