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unit 1 workbook Flashcards

1
Q

physical and chemical changes that occur within the body

A

metabolism

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2
Q

maintenance of normal body physiology

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

lowest horizontal imaginary line that joins the tubercles in the iliac crests

A

intertubercular plane

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4
Q

horizontal plane that passes through the pylorus, the duodenal junction, the neck of the pancreas, and the hilum of the kidneys

A

transpyloric plane

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5
Q

upper horizontal imaginary line that joins the lowest point of the costal margin on each side of the body

A

subcostal plane

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6
Q

arises from the sides of the bodies of the first two lumbar vertebrae

A

left crus of the diaphragm

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7
Q

thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

A

medical arcuate ligament

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8
Q

slightly curved line on the ventral abdominal wall that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis

A

linea semilunaris

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9
Q

ligament between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic area

A

inguinal ligament

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10
Q

area in the pelvic cavity between the rectum and the uterus where free fluid may accumulate

A

rectouterine space

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11
Q

arises from the sides of the bodies of the first three lumbar vertebrae

A

right crus of the diaphragm

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12
Q

fibrous band of tissue that stretches from the xiphoid to the symphysis pubus

A

linea alba

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13
Q

formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus

A

vesicouterine pouch

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14
Q

broad muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle

A

lateral arcuate ligament

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16
Q

in the male, a small outpocket of the pelvic cavity containing the testes

A

scrotal cavity

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17
Q

triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

A

superficial inguinal ring

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18
Q

lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

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19
Q

the internal organs

A

viscera

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20
Q

muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis muscle

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21
Q

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and undersurface of the diaphragm

A

falciform ligament

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22
Q

located between the anterior surface of the renal fascia and the posterior area of the peritoneum

A

anterior pararenal space

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23
Q

single layer of cells that forms the peritoneum

A

mesothelium

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24
Q

primary compartment of the peritoneal cavity; extends across the anterior abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

greater sac

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25
Q

ligament in between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

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26
Q

located directly around the kidney;completely enclosed by renal fascia

A

perirenal space

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27
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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28
Q

membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

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29
Q

layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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30
Q

ligament between the spleen and kidney

A

lienorenal ligament

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31
Q

found between the posterior renal fascia and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

posterior pararenal space

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32
Q

opening to the lesser sac

A

epiploic foramen

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33
Q

double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach

A

greater omentum

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34
Q

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

A

morison’s pouch

35
Q

slit like spaces near the liver; potential space for fluid to accumulate

A

peritoneal recess

36
Q

potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers

A

peritoneal cavity

37
Q

layer of peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs

A

visceral peritoneum

38
Q

peritoneal pouch located behind the lesser omentum and stomach

A

lesser sac

39
Q

termination of the falciform ligament; seen in the left lobe of the liver

A

ligamentum teres

40
Q

a lengthwise plane running from front to back. it divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides, or two equal halves

41
Q

a lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

42
Q

a plane that is horizontal to the body

A

transverse

43
Q

a plane that is parallel to the long axis of the body or part

A

longitudinal

44
Q

not uniform in texture and composition

A

heterogeneous

45
Q

usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease

A

infiltrating

46
Q

echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity

A

echogenic or hyperechoic

47
Q

interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics. this level will change with patient position

A

fluid filled level

48
Q

very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern

49
Q

sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attenuated. there is increased brightness directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area

A

enhancement, increased through transmission

50
Q

completely uniform in texture or composition

A

homogeneous

51
Q

borders are not well-defined, are ill-defined, or are not present

A

irregular borders

52
Q

low level echoes within a structure

A

hypoechoic

53
Q

sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object

54
Q

well defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant)

A

loculated mass

55
Q

without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily

A

anechoic or sonolucent

56
Q

tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels

A

vasa vasorum

57
Q

inner layer of the vascular system

A

tunica intima

58
Q

minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems

A

capillaries

59
Q

communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network

A

anastomosis

60
Q

outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

61
Q

middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media that arteries

A

tunica media

62
Q

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney

A

right renal artery

63
Q

arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

A

left gastric artery

64
Q

supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

A

right hepatic artery

65
Q

vascular structure that carry blood away from the heart

66
Q

arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver

A

common hepatic artery

67
Q

supplies the stomach

A

right gastric artery

68
Q

branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

69
Q

arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

70
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these vessels, which supply blood to the lower extremities

A

common iliac arteries

71
Q

arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

inferior mesenteric artery

72
Q

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

A

left renal artery

73
Q

largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominal-pelvic cavity and extremities

74
Q

small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver

A

left hepatic artery

75
Q

arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

A

splenic artery

76
Q

formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver

A

portal vein

77
Q

collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart

78
Q

drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to the pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

A

splenic vein

79
Q

drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein

A

inferior mesenteric vein

80
Q

drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins

A

superior mesenteric vein

81
Q

three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

A

hepatic veins

82
Q

leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

left renal vein

83
Q

largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart

A

inferior vena cava

84
Q

leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

right renal vein

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