unit 1 pt 1 Flashcards
science of body structure
anatomy
study of body function
physiology
why do we need to understand anatomy and physiology
to recognize pathology and disease
study of the body by dissection of tissues
gross anatomy
study of the parts of body tissues under microscope
histology
the study of the development before birth
embryology
the study of the disease processes
pathology
all physical and chemical changes that occur within the body
metabolism
ability to maintain a steady and stable internal environment
homeostasis
medical measurements used to ascertain how the body is functioning
vital signs
what are the vital signs
blood pressure, temp, pulse, respiration, and oxygen
order from atoms to body systems
atom molecules cells tissues organs body systems
what consists of a group of tissues and organs working together to perform specific functions
body systems
what is anatomical position
stand straight, hands at side with palms forward, and feet forward
superior
above
inferior
below
cranial
toward head
caudal
toward feet
cephalic
toward head
anterior
toward front
ventral
toward front
posterior
toward back
dorsal
toward back
any vertical plane at right angles to median plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior
coronal plane
medial
towards midline
sagittal
towards midline
what divides body into right and left sides
sagittal plane
proximal
closest to the point of origin or point of attachment
distal
away from the point of origin or point of attachment
superficial
close to skins surface
deep
below skins surface
what divides the body into equal right and left halves
median or midsagittal plane
what plane divides into anterior and posterior
coronal or frontal
what plane divides into medial and lateral
sagittal or median
what plane divides into superior and inferior
transverse or axial
vertical plane bisects body into right and left halves
median or midsagittal plane
any line/plane parallel to median line or plane
paramedian or parasagittal plane
any plane at right angles to both median and coronal planes
transverse
any vertical plane at right angles to median plane
coronal
what are the 4 quadrants determined by
midsagittal and transverse planes passing through the umbilicus
what are the 4 quadrants
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
left lower quadrant
right lower quadrant
what is within the RUQ
liver GB bile ducts rt kidney superior ivc
what is within the LUQ
spleen
stomach
Lt kidney
what is within the RLQ
appendix
cecum
rt ovary
rt iliac artery and vein
what is wihtin the LLQ
Lt ovary
sigmoid colon
Lt iliac artery and vein
what makes up the 9 regions
2 vertical lines and 3 horizontal lines
what passes thru mid clavicle and mid inguinal point
2 vertical lines
what are the three horizontal lines
transpyloric plane
subcostal plen
intertubercular plane
what are the two vertical lines
right lateral plane
left lateral pane
halfway between xyphiod and umbilicus; passes thru pylorus, duodenum, neck of pancreas and renal hilum
transpyloric plane
lowest point of costal margin
subcostal plane
joins tubercles of iliac crests
intertubercular plane
what is the peritoneum
lines the cavity
what are retroperitoneal organs
pancreas adrenal glands kidneys ureters bladder colon aorta ivc uterus prostate most of duodenum
right posterior subphrenic space lying between right lobe of liver, right kidney, and right colic flexure
morison’s pouch
what is the frequent location for fluid to collect and accumulate
morison’s pouch
is fluid present in morison’s pouch normal
no
slit like parts of peritoneal cavity, important as can be areas of infection
peritoneal recesses
what are the 2 sites of peritoneal recesses
duodenum becomes jejunum
ileum joins cecum
conduct fluids from one part of the body to another
paracolic gutters
what are the 4 paracolic gutters
supracolic
infracolic
right lateral
left lateral
