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ANIA EXAM oct 7th > UNIT 1 - Workbook > Flashcards

UNIT 1 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity

A

in 1896

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2
Q

Albert Einstein formulated e=mc2

A

1905

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3
Q

Nuclear Fission was discovered

A

1938

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4
Q

Bohr and wheeler published their paper on the fission process in

A

1939

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5
Q

First fission reactor started in the us

A

1942

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6
Q

Hahn and strassman demonstrated a chain reaction

A

1938

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7
Q

Francis Perrin disocver the uranium critical mass?

A

1939

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8
Q

USA produced sufficient plutonoum and u235 for nuclear bombs in what year?

A

1945

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9
Q

Natural uranium ore contains only 0.7% of uranium 235. What process was developed that would increase the percentage of the uranium 235 isotope?

A

Enrichment

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10
Q

Hiroshima Bomb
Nickname
Fuel and
design?

A

Little boy
Uranium fuelled
Gun-type design

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11
Q

Nagasaki Bomb
Nickname
Fuel
Design

A

Fatman
Plutonium implosion bomb
Implosion assembly method

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12
Q

Why were moderators developed?

A

They work to slow down the fast neutrons (produced by splitting atoms in fissile compounds like uranium-235), to make them more effective in the fission chain reaction

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13
Q

ootto han and lise meitner demonstrated that neatrons released during nulcear fissiion proceess could go on to cause fission of other nuclei providing.a self sustaining chain reaction and large amount of energy

A

1939

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14
Q

Manhattan project?

A

First nuclear bombs used in warfare

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15
Q

first uk atomic bomb called hurricane donated in australia when

A

1952

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16
Q 
Timeline for the windscale piles
1950
1957
1993
2019

( their primary purpose was to produce plutonium for uk nuclear weapons)

A

1950 Intial Operation
1957 Accident leading to shutdown / defuelling and decontam between 1957 and 1962
decomissioning begins
2019 decomiss of pile 1 towet

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17
Q

Give four reasons why, from 1949, the UK decided to build reactors that could
also generate electricity

A

Over time it would become cheaper than other options except for hydroelectric power

Use of a devastating technology for good

it was perceived as kinder to the environment than coal and oil fired power stations

There were concerns over security of power supply and limited oil reserves

18
Q

Which power station was the first in the UK to be designed to also produce
electricity? Give four facts about this power station.

A

Calder Hall
Opened in 1956
in 1997, 26% of the nation’s electricity was generated from nuclear power.
First of 10 nuclear powerstations built in UK
The plant produced plutonium for the British nuclear weapons programme.

19
Q

Name three reactor types built in the UK.

A

PWR (pressurised water reactor)

AGR (Gas-cooled reactors)

Magnox Reactor

20
Q

Other than energy production name three areas that the UK nuclear programme
has moved in to and give a brief summary of each.

A

Research and development.
Research reactors are an important part of. the nuclear industry that are not used as a power source. They’re used for traning and analysis. Much smaller than power reactors and often on university campuses. Still under inspwctions

Defence
The Atomic Weampons Establishment AWE provides and maintains warheads for the UK defence nuclear programme. AWE has advanced reached, design and production facilityes. They have nuclear deterrent trident warheads which are submaroin launched. Awe covers the entire life cycle of nuclear warheads.

Medicine
Radioactivity. is used in medicine for radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. It can be used to treat conditions such as cancer by destroyign certin cells. At present most isotopes used in mediicne are produced using cycltrons. Technetoum99 can only be created using a reacror and is used in 80% of procedures

21
Q

Complete the percentages of each component in spent fuel from Magnox, AGR and
PWR reactors.

A

96% uranium

1% plutonium

3% waste products

22
Q

Why is reprocessing stopping in the UK?

A
  • no longer make econmic sense
  • in the 1980 they were legally obliged to reprocess spent fuel
  • operators can store their spent fuel, no customer demand
23
Q

Decommissioning in the UK is overseen by …….. and the

decommissioning work is undertaken by ……

A

The NDA Nuclear Decomissiong autheourty

site license company

24
Q

What is a GDF and why will one not be built in the UK for at least 15 years?

A

A geological disposal facility consultation and design is taking up to 20 years and construction of the gdf will be around 100 years

25
Q

Name eight nuclear sites in the UK and give their primary purpose and
operational status

A

Hinkley point B, energy production, operational

Dungness B, energy production, operational

Sizewell B, energy production, operational

Dounreay, research, decomissioning

Heysham 1 & 2, energy production, oprational

Sellafield, reprocessing, pltonium production, energy production, storage, decomissioning

hartlepool, energy product, operational

LLW, waste, operational

26
Q

Name 5 other countries in the world that have nuclear reactors.

A 
Us
Canada
Japan
France
Russia
South Korea
27
Q

The UKAEA was established inw hich year?

A

1954

28
Q

Wjat was the primary reason for the build of windscale piles

A

Production of plutonium for nuclear weapon

29
Q

Name three Acts of Parliament that apply to the nuclear industry and state two
facts about each.

A

Health ad safety at work act 1974
covers occupational health and safety
HSE is respsoonsible for enforicng the act

nuclear installations act 1965
licensing and inspection for nuclear sites. no site may be used to install or opeoration nuclear installation without a license granted by HSE

the energy act 2013.Act focuses on setting decarbonisation targets for the UK, and reforming the electricity market.

radioactive substances act 1993

30
Q

IN THE UK, LEGISLATION structure is hierachal. what ordeR?

A

act of parliment

regulations

approved codes of practice

standards and industry codes of practices

guidance

international commission on radiation protection

31
Q

Name three Regulations that apply to the nuclear industry and state two facts
about each.

A

Control of majour accidents hazards regs 2015
prevennt majour accidents involving dangerous substances.
enforced by ONR

Radiation emergency prepardness and public information regulations
REPPIR
framework for controllinng exposure to intervention personnell durign radiation emergencg.

Ionising radiation regulation IRRI7
These regs cover the general radiaiton protection for both works and public work
they place duty on nuclear site to keep exposure to ioninnsing radiaiton aLARP

32
Q

Are Approved Codes of Practice (ACoP) and Standards and Industry Codes of
Practice legally binding?

A

No

33
Q

How many Nuclear Site Licence Conditions are there?

A

36

34
Q

Four examples of who neeeds a site license

A

Manufacturing or storagee

Nnuclear assembly

Extractionn

Productuon of isotopes

35
Q

ONR?

A

Office of nuclear regulation

Established as the public sector body in 2014 under the enrgy act

regulates nuc safety at all nuce sites across GB

36
Q

If you want to view the ONR Site Licence Conditions Handbook how would you
source this?

A

ONR slc handbook online

37
Q

When ownership of a nuclear site changes is the Site Licence transferred to the
new owners?

A

not be transferred, even if ownership changes

38
Q

What do the two schedules of a Site Licence contain?

A

one, specific to each site and specifies site location

two, common to all nuclear sites

39
Q

What could be the consequences of non-compliance with the Site Licence?

A

Improvement notice,
ISSUED BY ONR AND REQUIRES THE LICENSEE to remedty the contrav entiono

prohibition notice, stop the activity imedately,

persecution, can face legal costs due to activity a

40
Q

What are the four main areas of regulation specific to the UK nuclear industry?

A

Nuclear Safety,
Nuclear security
Envinronment
transport

41
Q

Who are the key regulators in the UK?

A

ONR office of nuclear reg
the nevinronment agencies
(THE EA)
Defence nuclear safety regulator (DNSR

42
Q

Who regulates the transport of nuclear materials in the UK?

A

ONR

ANIA EXAM oct 7th (3 decks)

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