Unit 1 - Wildlife Conservation - Keywords

Question 1

Biomimetics

Answer 1

the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

Question 2

Flagship species

Answer 2

a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign or environmental cause.

Question 3

Teratology

Answer 3

is the study of birth defects (structural, functional, and physiological).

Question 4

Indigenous species

Answer 4

species and communities that occur naturally, not as accidental or deliberate introductions, in an area.

Question 5

Gene pool

Answer 5

The stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 6

Vaviloc Centre

Answer 6

is a region of the world first indicated by Nikolai Vavilov to be an original center for the domestication of plants.

Question 7

CITES

Answer 7

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (of wild fauna and flora).

Question 8

Niches

Answer 8

The niche of a species is the role it plays in its habitat, which includes how it makes use of resources and responds to the other species in its habitat.

Question 9

Endemic

Answer 9

an endemic species is indigenous to a particular area and is not naturally found elsewhere. (The world is also used in disease epidemiology to mean a disease that is normally
present).

Question 10

Wildlife and Countryside Act

Answer 10

a UK Act of Parliament that provides protection for many wildlife species and designated protected areas.

Question 11

SSSIs

Answer 11

Sites of Special Scientific Interest.

Question 12

NNRs

Answer 12

National Nature Reserves.

Question 13

SPAs

Answer 13

Special Protection Areas.

Question 14

SACs

Answer 14

Special Areas of Conservation

Question 15

MNRs

Answer 15

Marine Nature Reserves

Question 16

Ramsar site

Answer 16

A wetland site designated to protect its biodiversity.

Question 17

International Whaling Commission

Answer 17

The IWC is an international organisation that aims to

ensure the sustainable exploitation of whales.

Question 18

EU Common Fisheries

Answer 18

the European Union agreed to manage fishing and aquaculture. It attempts to balance the needs of the Member States and their fishing industries with sustainable
exploitation of the environment

Question 19

Inbreeding

Answer 19

breeding between closely related individuals. Inbreeding increases the risk of recessive genes producing offspring with disadvantageous characteristics.

Question 20

Cryopreservation

Answer 20

the preservation of material by freezing, such as the freezing of semen for artificial insemination.

Question 21

Artificial insemination

Answer 21

a form of selective breeding where semen is collected from a chosen male and is inserted artificially into the chosen female to cause her to become pregnant.

Question 22

Embryo transfer

Answer 22

the transfer of fertilised eggs or embryos from a female or rare species, into females of closely related more common species. This enables more young to be produced than could be achieved through normal breeding. It is also used in livestock breeding.

Question 23

Micro-propagation

Answer 23

a tissue culture method where large numbers of plants can be produced from a tissue sample from an original plant, without the need for seeds. The young plants may be raised on agar under sterile conditions.

Question 24

RSPB

Answer 24

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

Question 25

Environmental Stewardship Scheme

Answer 25

An angri-environmental scheme where farmers
receive payments for farm management practices that benefit wildlife and the environment. Higher payments are available for organic farms.

Question 26

Plagioclimax

Answer 26

is an area or habitat in which the influences of the humans have prevented the ecosystem from developing further. The ecosystem may have been stopped from reaching its full
climatic climax or deflected towards a different climax by activities such as: Cutting down the
existing vegetation.

Question 27

Ecotourism

Answer 27

tourism directed towards exotic natural environments, intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife.

Question 28

NGOs

Answer 28

non-governmental organisations.