Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP World History > Unit 1 Weeks 1-3 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Weeks 1-3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® World History flashcards AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 AP World History themes?

A
  1. Interactions between humans and the environment
  2. Development and Interaction of Cultures
  3. State-Building, Expansion and Conflict
  4. Creation, expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems
  5. Development and transformation of social structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cultural diffusion?

A

the process by which an idea or technique devised in one society spreads to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are worldwide processes?

A

developments that ultimately shape much of the world’s population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 5 most durable civilizations.

A

Middle East, Mediterranean, India, China, Central America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Western citizens and the Chinese each believe about history?

A

it involved the study of their culture and it’s interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long has the human species been around for?

A

The human species has been around for 2-2.5 million years, only 1/4000 of the time earth has existed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the drawbacks of the human species?

A

aggressiveness, dependency of young, back problems, knowledge of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the advantages of the human species?

A

thumbs, sex drive, omnivores, variety of facial expressions, brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first two million years that humans have lived in called?

A

The patheolithic, or old stone age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When was fire tamed?

A

750,000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When did the homo erectus evolve?

A

500,000-750,000 yag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some characteristics of the homo erectus?

A

more erect, larger brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When did Homo sapiens evolve?

A

120,000 years ago in Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were some constraints of the species?

A
  • hunters and gatherers couldn’t support large groups
  • hunting groups were small
  • women breast fed infants for many years limiting fertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When did speech develop?

A

100,000 yag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When did people arrive in Africa? Britain? Australia? North America?

A

Africa- 750,000yag
Britain- 250,000yag
Australia- 60,000 yag
North America- 17,000 yag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What monumental things occurred 14,000 years ago?

A

The last great ice age ended and the Mesolithic (middle stone age) begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurred during the Mesolithic age?

A
  • sharpen and shape stone, and make more precise tools

- log rafts and domestication of cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the dates of the mesolithic age?

A

12,000-800 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When did people pass across the bering land bridge from the tip of siberia to south america?

A

16,000 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was the neolithic revolution?

A

the development of agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What most clearly moved humans toward more elaborate social and cultural programs?

A

the development of agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did agriculture allow?

A
  • settlement and more focus on economic, political, and religious goals
  • population multiplied
  • animals were domesticated
  • houses and villages
  • hides and wool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When and where did farming begin?

A

Farming began in the middle east in the fertile crescent in 10,000 BCE-8,000 BCE and began to spread to India, North Africa, and Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened soon after farming began in the Middle East?

A

Rice cultivation developed in China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What were some drawbacks of agriculture?

A
  • demanding work

- settlements spread disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s one way that nomadic people were eradicated?

A
  • forests were cleared

- diseases were spread to them that they didn’t have antibodies against

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where was agriculture not embraced?

A

NA Indians, South Africans, and Central Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did agriculture motivated people to do?

A

Make baskets and study the weather, foundations of art and science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How did agriculture affect change?

A

it sped up human change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What occurred in 4,000 BCE and where?

A

Copper was used to make tool and then soon after bronze, started in the middle east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was copper used for?

A

metal hoes and weapons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When was iron discovered and who introduced it?

A

Iron was introduced in 1500BCE by herding people who invaded the middle east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What did the introduction of agriculture form?

A
  • larger more stable communities

- houses and wells could be built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the size of most hunting tribes?

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What type of farmers moved around?

A

Slash and burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a vital neolithic village in southern Turkey?

A

Çatal Hüyük

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What was the size of Çatal Hüyük? When was it founded?

A

32 acres, 7000 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are some characteristics of Çatal Hüyük?

A
  • mud bricks
  • surplus of food
  • tool makers and jewelers
  • large villages ruled over small leading to specialties in politics and military
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

List Childe’s Criteria.

A
  1. Large populated settlements
  2. Ability to produce surplus food
  3. Variety/Ranking of social positions
  4. Beginning of science
  5. Trading over long distances
  6. Variety of specialized occupations
  7. Large public buildings
  8. Writing and system of notation
  9. Development of important art style
  10. Beginning of central government
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What were the early civilizations and when did they begin?

A

3500BCE Middle East- Tigris and Euphrates
3000BCE Çatal Hüyük
2500BCE Indus River, India
China and Central America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Why is civilization a term that is hard to use?

A
  • It is subjective
  • some people say that it is political divisions and social hierarchy
  • some people say that it is the formation of states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What do civilizations depend on?

A

cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the role of cities for civilizations?

A
  • amass wealth and power
  • allow rapid exchange of ideas
  • encourage intellectual thought and artistic expression
  • promote manufacturing and trade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

When and where did writing develop?

A

In the middle east around 3500 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What was the purpose of writing?

A
  • send messages and keep records,
  • contacts and treaties
  • cuneiform-wedge based writing
  • record data and build on past
  • minority of people literate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What groups of people lacked writing?

A

nomads and western africans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What did the greeks call non-civilized people?

A

barbarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the negatives of civilizations?

A
  • more class divisions
  • war-like
  • promoted male leadership
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How did civilizations affect the environment?

A
  • increased human impact

- Danube river valley experienced deforestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

When were the first for initial civilized centers developed and where?

A

Middle East, Egypt, NorthWestern India, Northern China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What were the most noteworthy achievements of early civilizations?

A

writing, formal codes of law, city planning and architecture, institutions for trade (money$$$)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What was the first example of human civilization?

A

the middle east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Where in the middle east did the first civilization develop?

A

In the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in an area known as Mesopotamia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What were the achievements of Mesopotamia by 4000 BCE?

A
  • familiar with bronze and copper
  • invented the wheel
  • pottery and art
  • coordination required for irrigation served as the basis for political structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What was the first group to invade mesopotamia and when did they invade?

A

the sumerians invaded mesopotamia by 3500 BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What writing did the Sumerians bring?

A

the cuneiform alphabet, scribes wrote on clay tablets with an almost ballpoint pen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What did Sumerian art involve?

A

statues of gods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What were Sumerian religious rituals?

A
  • cities had patron gods and erected shrines
  • towers called ziggurats were monumental architecture
  • Sumerians believed in polytheism and linked gods with nature and the punishment of floods
  • after life of punishment=hell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What were Sumerian political structures?

A
  • tightly organized states
  • king claimed divine authority
  • carefully defined boundaries
  • government regulated and enforced religion
  • provided a court system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What was the social structure of Mesopotamia with the Sumerians?

A

Kings, Noble class, priesthood, slaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What were some other items that the Sumerians invented?

A

wheeled carts, fertilizer, silver for money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Who did Sumerian rule fall to?

A

Akkadians- who continued culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Who conquered the Akkadians?

A

the Babylonians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What did the babylonians do to the mesopotamian empire?

A

Extend the empire to other areas of the middle east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Who was the babylonian king who established the first lw code?

A

King Hammurabi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What was King Hammurabi’s Law code

A

-established rule of procedure for courts of law and regulated property rights and duties of family members setting harsh punishments 1800-1750BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

How was babylon disrupted in 2100BCE?

A

Indo Europeans from the north invaded and Semitic people from the south spread their language and religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What two empires coexisted with Babylon?

A

Persian and Assyrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

How did political policy change Mesopotamia from 1200 to 900 BCE?

A

Large empires decided in favor of smaller states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

When and where did the first egyptian civilization form?

A

forned in 3000 in northern africa and along the nile river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What was the political stability of Egypt river valley civilization?

A

remained unified state throughout most of it’s history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Who was the leader of egyptian river valley politics?

A

king/pharaoh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

How did Egyptian river valley economy compare to Mesopotamian?

A

Egypt has a more government directed economy because of more complex irrigation systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What monuments did pharaohs erect?

A

Built tombs, pyramids from 2700 bce onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

How did Egypt river valley impact future african societies?

A

At some points Egypt covered Sudan impacting future African culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What kingdom invaded Egypt at some point?

A

Kush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

How did Egyptian science and alphabet compare to Mesopotamian? Math and art?

A

Science and alphabet- more basic

Math and art more complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What did egyptian river valley math involve?

A

Inventing the 24 hour day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What did Egyptian river valley art involve?

A

lively pictures to surround people in afterlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

When and where did indian civilization develop?

A

Urban civilization along the Indus river 2500BCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What were some characteristics of early Indian civilization?

A
  • cities harps snd Mohenjo-Daro had running water
  • trading contacts with Mesopotamia
  • developed their own distinctive alphabet and artistic forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What happened to this early Indian river valley civilization?

A

invasions by Indo-Europeans destroyed this culture. religious and political ideas were combined,but writing was lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What chinese civilization developed in isolation?

A

The Hwang He (yellow river) river valley civilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

How were kings treated in early Chinese civilization?

A

like gods

-P’an Ku

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What kind of history did the chinese record?

A

part fact part fiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

How was early chinese civilization politically?

A

China was an organized state with organized irrigation in the prone to flooding river valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

List some achievements of china by 200 BCE

A
  • learned to ride horses
  • skilled in pottery
  • used bronzed well
  • introduced iron + coal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Describe Chinese river valley writing

A

Knotting ropes-lines on bones-ideographic symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What type of science rose in river valley China?

A

astronomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Describe Chinese river valley art

A

-delicate designs and early interest in music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

What did the shang dynasty build?

A

-tombs and palaces, but most people lived in homes of mud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What disrupted the Shang dynasty?

A

invasions caused a temporary decline in civilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

How was the Chinese transition from river valley to classical civilizations different?

A

there was less of a break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Describe the ideas of civilization/being civilized of different cultures.

A
  • chinese kept separate from cattle and sheep herding peoples
  • american indians of mexico settled in the valleys of the mountainous interior and feared the outsiders
  • civilization is derived from latin-of the citizens
  • greeks called outsiders barbarians, those who cannot speak greek
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

When did ideas that civilization was cultural not biological change?

A

European writers in the 18th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

How does Mesopotamian river valley philosophy compare to Chinese river valley philosophy?

A

Mesopotamians-gap between human and nature

Chinese- humans and nature united

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

What people affected river valley alphabets?

A

The Phoenicians devised an alphabet of 22 letters around 1300 BCE

99
Q

What people affected river valley trade institutions?

A

the lydian introduced the first coined money

100
Q

What was the first monotheistic religion?

A

Judaism around 1200BCE

101
Q

What caused Indian river valley failure?

A

Harappan people lacked military

102
Q

What shang institutions/discoveries influenced later civilizations?

A
  • irrigation, dike, millet and wheat cultivation
  • towns and villages
  • dynasties and religion
  • system of writing
103
Q

What occurred in the middle east after the fall of the river valley civilization?

A

it was a complex center brought together by trade

104
Q

What was emphasized in classical india vs classical china?

A

China-philosophical values

India- social structure and religion

105
Q

What was the role of most people in classical india?

A

peasant farmers, family survival

106
Q

How did India’s location make it develop differently from china?

A

Periodic influences form the middle east caused India to react and adapt in ways that isolated China did not

107
Q

How did India’s topography shape their civilization?

A
  • separated from Asia by the Himalayas
  • agricultural regions along Indus and Ganges
  • northern herding economy, southern seafaring economy
108
Q

How did weather affect the Indian classical population?

A

In a year with favorable monsoons india could support a sizable population

109
Q

What are the two parts of the formic period?

A

vedic and epic ages

110
Q

How did the Aryan migrants impact classical India?

A
  • extensive agriculture
  • tight levels of village organization
  • village chiefs
  • patriarchal controls
  • close family relationships
111
Q

When did the caste system begin?

A

in the vedic and epic ages

112
Q

What are the castes?

A 
Kshatriyas-warrior governing
Brahmins-priestly
Vaisyas-traders, famers
Sudras-Common laborers 
Untouchables
113
Q

How did the caste system impact life?

A

Was hereditary with marriage between castes forbidden

114
Q

What were the subgroups of castes?

A

Jati

115
Q

What were the aryan religious beliefs that impacted india?

A

-many gods with sacrifices and the belief of an afterlife

116
Q

What religion was established in classical india at the end of the epic period?

A

Gautama Buddha created buddhism

117
Q

When did classical India pass through it’s formative phase?

A

By 600 BCE india had passed through its formative phase

118
Q

What was the language in classical India?

A

sanskrit

119
Q

What was classical indian political structure?

A

16 powerful regional states by 600 BCE

120
Q

What did the Indian invasion of Alexander the Great Lead to?

A

Chandragupta’s autocratic dynasty with major bodyguard protection.

121
Q

Who was Chandragupta’s grandson?

A

Ashoka

122
Q

Describe Ashoka’s lifestyle.

A
  • enjoyed a lavish lifestyle
  • engaged in a study of nature influenced by Buddhism
  • Extended Mauryan conquests and gained control of all but the tip of india through fierce fighting
  • bloodthirsty
  • converted to buddhismsand propagated it along with dharma
  • sponsored road network and encouraged growing commerce
123
Q

What occurred in classical india after Ashoka’s empire fell?

A

-Regional kingdoms resurfaced

124
Q

How did Kush conversion to Buddhism affect classical india?

A

It reduced the popularity of buddhism because of association with foreigners

125
Q

What occurred after the collapse of the Kushan state in 220CE

A

100 years of instability

Gupta took over in 320 CE

126
Q

How did the guptas rule classical india?

A
  • no great individual rulers,but great impact
  • -negotiate and intermarried which created a larger empire without constant fighting
  • greatest period of political stability
127
Q

What was the most basic political values of classical india?

A

Regionalism

128
Q

How did Gupta rule affect classical indians and their culture?

A
  • allowed defeated local rulers to maintain control as long as they submitted to Gupta dominance
  • no single language
  • pottery and art
129
Q

What did the caste system do for the politics of classical india?

A

promoted social order

130
Q

When did Gupta rule fall and what proceeded?

A

It fell to nomadic hun invaders from the north maintained the culture 535CE

131
Q

What is Hinduism and how did it develop?

A

Hinduism is the religion of India’s majority. It developed slowly after a long period of time because it has no central founder. Vedic and Epic ages

132
Q

What did hinduism encourage?

A
  • political and economic goal called Martha

- worldly pleasures called karma

133
Q

What was part of the success of hinduism?

A

it could coexist

134
Q

Compare Brahmin and Upanishad values of hinduism.

A

Brahmin-ritualistic

Upanishad- shallowness of worldly concerns, didn’t enjoy ceremonies

135
Q

What different principle did hinduism embrace?

A

reincarnation

136
Q

What was hindu basic holy essence and other important gods?

A
  • brahma-basic holy essence

- vishun the preserver and shiva the destroyer

137
Q

What is hinduistic dharma?

A

moral consequences of action

138
Q

How did Hinduism complement the caste system?

A

it gave lower class people something to work for and upper class people hyped for the divine essence

139
Q

Who began buddhism and when?

A

Gautama Buddha-568 BCE

  • indian prince became to question earthly life with so much poverty
  • lived as a hindu mystic fasting and torturing his body
  • focused on supreme divinity, and union with the divine essence, nirvana
140
Q

how did buddhism affect caste system?

A

Attacked caste system because anyone could achieve a holy life

141
Q

Why was buddhism permanently followed in india?

A

Gupta opposition

142
Q

What did indian classical writers write about?

A

legal writing and love

143
Q

Where was the worlds first university?

A

In Nalanda in classical india under the guptas

144
Q

What was classical indian science?

A

Astronomy and medicine

145
Q

Describe classica indian math.

A

Square roots, decimals, negatives, zero

146
Q

Describe classical indian art.

A

nature

147
Q

How were servants treated in classical india?

A

abused

148
Q

How was marriage in classical india?

A

daughters were endowed to spouses they never met

had no voice in new family

149
Q

How as the economy in classical india?

A

vigorous economy and trading systems

150
Q

What was there an emphasis on in family life in classical india?

A

sexual pleasure and close relations

151
Q

During what period of time was there the greatest trade in classical india?

A

Under the Mauryan rule, Eurasia and african civilizations

152
Q

How was buddhism changed as it left india?

A

some worshipped buddha as a god

153
Q

Who was the chief agent for buddhist expansion?

A

buddhist monks

154
Q

What ideas did bodhisattvas spread?

A

some people could attain nirvana by staying in the world as saints to aid others through prayer and example

155
Q

What did chinese leaders think about buddhism?

A

they thought it threatened their power

156
Q

What was the most influential middle eastern group?

A

the jews

157
Q

Where did jewish people settle and when?

A

near the mediterranean around 1200 BCE

158
Q

What was distance about jewish belief

A

a belief in the single god jehovah who guided the destinies of the jewish people

159
Q

Describe the jewish state.

A

Small and weak, only maintained independence when other areas were in turmoil

160
Q

How did jewish ideas that judaism stressed a special compact with the jewish chosen people affect their position?

A
  • no premium on converting new subjects

- always in a minority position

161
Q

What was god linked to in judaism and how was he portrayed?

A
  • more abstract
  • orderly and just
  • god linked to ethical conduct
162
Q

Compare simple contrasts of Greece and rome.

A

Rome- engineering and mighty empire

Greece scientific thought, and city-states

163
Q

Who rule Persia in 550BCE?

A

Cyrus the great

164
Q

What did the Persians do?

A

Although tolerant of local customs, Persians advanced iron technology, developed Zoroastrianism and a lively artistic style

165
Q

What happened to the Persians?

A

They were toppled by alexander the great

166
Q

How did Greece begin?

A
  • river valley civilization has spread to the greek peninsula
  • the island of crete showed Egyptian architecture influence
167
Q

Who were the greeks?

A

An aryan people who took over the peninsula by 1700BCE

168
Q

What occurred in Greece in between 600BCE-800BCE?

A

Rapid rise in civilization base on several city states

169
Q

How did city-states in Greece interact?

A

trade, language with phoenician alphabet

170
Q

Describe Sparta.

A

strong military aristocracy dominating a slave population

171
Q

Describe Athens.

A

a diverse commercial state proud of intellectual and artistic leadership[

172
Q

What occurred in Greece 500-449 BCE?

A

Athens and Sparta cooperated to defeat a persian nation

173
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

5th century greek political figure

  • aristocrat
  • restrained aggressive views
174
Q

What occurred in greece 431-404 BCE?

A

Peloponnesian wars Athens vs Sparta for control of greece

175
Q

What occurred after the Peloponnesian wars?

A

Philip of Macedonia and then Alexander the Great (son) took over

176
Q

What occurred during the Hellenistic period?

A

greek art and culture merged with the middle east

177
Q

How and where did the roman empire begin?

A

AS a local monarchy in central italy around 800BCE

178
Q

How was the roman monarch overturned and what followed?

A

-Roman aristocrats drove out the monarchy and established more elaborate political institutions for their city state

179
Q

How did the Punic wars impact Rome?

A

-conquered norther africa, egypt, greece,

180
Q

What followed the Punic wars?

A

instability with Julius Caezar and Augustus Caezar

181
Q

Who rule rome in 180 CE?

A

Marcus Aurelius- peace and prosperity

182
Q

What occurred after the rule of Marcus Aurelius?

A

The empire suffered a fall for 250 years and was overturned by northerners in 476CE

183
Q

What did constantine do?

A

-bloodthirsty ruler who adopted christianity in 313CE

184
Q

Describe Athens political institutions?

A
  • direct democracy for men
  • met every 10 days
  • lower class citizens spoiled their democracy by making reckless decisions
185
Q

What is aristocracy?

A

rule of the best

186
Q

What was the role of roman law codes?

A

the spread widely and with them came a notion of rules as a regulator of social life

187
Q

Were people granted citizenship in ancient rome?

A

yes

188
Q

What did athens and rome place importance on?

A

military conquest

189
Q

What type of public works did rome undertake?

A

roads, harbors, stadiums, public baths

190
Q

How did christianity relate to Greco-Roman society?

A

it arose during the Roman empire but was not a product of greco roman society

191
Q

What was greco-roman religion?

A
  • set of complex gods and goddesses seen regulating human life bases off of natures spirits
  • there was a creator or father god, Zeus or Jupiter
  • rather human with myths and stories
  • lack of spiritual passion failed to satisfy many
192
Q

How did the lack of spiritual passion impact philosophy in Greece?

A

Many greeks sought their own model for ethical behavior

-Cierco and Aristotle

193
Q

What did Socrates teach?

A

In Athens he encouraged his pupils to question conventional wisdom and that the chief human duty was improvement of the soul

194
Q

What did plato suggest?

A

Plato thought that there were three perfect forms, true, good ,and beautiful

195
Q

What was Ptolemy’s theory?

A

sun moves around a stationary earth

196
Q

What did Euclid produce?

A

Geometry

197
Q

What did Romans do wit greek knowledge?

A

preserved it in textbooks

198
Q

What did romans construct?

A

arches, roads , and aqueducts

199
Q

Sophocles

A

oedipus complex

200
Q

What was roman writing?

A

poetry

201
Q

Name some greek writing?

A

Iliad and Odyssey by Homer

202
Q

What was greek architecture?

A

monumental construction and columned porticos

203
Q

What did most people do in Ancient Greece and Rome?

A

farm

204
Q

What were the limitations on farmers?

A
  • bad soil -olives and grapes

- took 5 years to bear fruit-debt

205
Q

What did roman and greek slaves do?

A
  • Roman tutoring and house keeping

- Greek Mining

206
Q

What level were merchants in Rome?

A

middle class, higher than china, worse than india

207
Q

What was women life like in Greco-Roman society?

A

Women had rights in the economy and household but were held inferior. Had no divorce rights

208
Q

How did isolation benefit/hurt classical China?

A
  • prevented trade and spread of ideas

- protected against invasion

209
Q

Explain harmony of nature and Dao.

A

Harmony of nature-ting and yang
Dao- each individual should seek a way called a dao to relate to this harmony, avoiding excess and appreciating opposites

210
Q

What are the three dynastic cycle of the Chinese era?

A

Zhou, Qin, Hang

211
Q

When did the Zhou rule and how did it rule?

A
  • 1029-258 BCE
  • came from the north and displaced the shang
  • ruled through alliances by giving large regional estates to family/supporters in exchange for troops and taxes
212
Q

Where did the Zhou rule and what crops were in each region?

A
  • from the Hwang He to the Yangtze

- wheat in the north and rice in the south

213
Q

What did Zhou rulers claim to be?

A

sons of heaven

214
Q

When did the Zhou rule begin to decline? Why did it fall?

A
  • 700 BCE

- because of political infrastructure and nomadic invasions

215
Q

-What monumental chinese writer wrote during the Zhou dynasty?

A

Confucius wrote an elaborate statement on politics during the late 6th and early 5th centuries

216
Q

During what exact era did Zhou disintegrate?

A

During the era of the warring states between 402 and 201 BCE

217
Q

Who was the ruler after the Zhou?

A

Qin Shih Huangdi (the first emperor)

218
Q

Describe the Qin.

A
  • bureaucratic provinces
  • powerful armies crushed resistance
  • wall built through forced labor 3000 miles
  • ordered a national census
  • standard coinage weights measurement
  • made chinese written script uniform
  • furthered agriculture
  • attacked formal culture
219
Q

What occurred when emperor Qin died?

A

In 210 BCE peasant revolts occurred and in 202 BCE the Han was established

220
Q

When did the Han rule?

A

400 years 202 BCE-220 CE

221
Q

Describe the rulership of the Han.

A
  • kept central control, but promoted peace

- bureaucracy

222
Q

Whey did the Han fall and what followed?

A

The huns over-turned the dynasty and there was chaos between 220-589 CE

223
Q

Who was a major leader of the Han dynasty?

A

Wu Ti 140-87BCE

  • enforced peace
  • established a school to train men of exceptional talent to become bureaucrats
  • operated military and judicial systems
224
Q

What did chinese harmony include?

A

rituals to unify soviet and prevent individual excess

225
Q

What are the values of confucianism?

A
  • divine order
  • do unto others as your and their status dictates and plea for loyalty in the community
  • obedience and respect, but education should be accessible to all
  • what was the confucian doctrine- Analects
226
Q

What is legalism?

A
  • different political though
  • favor of authoritarian state ruled by force
  • -human nature evil and requires restraint
  • army controls and people labor
227
Q

What religions did peasants believe?

A

often polytheistic

-symbol of dragons stemmed from one

228
Q

What is Daoism?

A

-religion- embraced ancient chinese beliefs and harmony and added a sense of nature’s mystery
-Dao-way of nature
-secret rituals
humility and frugal living
-opposite of confucianism

229
Q

How did confucianism blend with literature and art?

A

the creation of the 5 classics

230
Q

What was the mark of education in classical china?

A

being able to recite poetry

231
Q

Describe chinese art.

A

decorative, geometric, calligraphy, jewelry, pottery, jade, and ivory, and weaving silk screens

232
Q

Describe chinese science and math.

A

-astronomy, 365.5 day calendar
-anatomical knowledge and hygiene knowledge
seismograph to register earthquakes
-math of music

233
Q

What were the three social groups in classical china?

A
  • mandarins- educated bureaucrats and aristocracy
  • merchants, artisans, peasants
  • mean people
234
Q

How were the mean people treated?

A

harsh punishments, green scarf

235
Q

What was traded in classical china

A

silks, jewelry, leather, furniture

236
Q

What were some inventions of classical china?

A

-lamps, iron mining, ox drawn plows, water mills, paper

237
Q

Describe chinese family life.

A
  • unity, power of husbands and fathers
  • control of emotions
  • boys superior to girls and first born male child inherits all
238
Q

Where did Christianity move from and how did it impact?

A

-moved westward from its original center in the middle east

239
Q

How did christianity treat other beliefs?

A

was intolerant

240
Q

What did Christianity emphasize that was similar to buddhism?

A

salvation and the guidance of saints

241
Q

Why did christianity begin?

A

because of a reaction to harsh jewish priesthood

242
Q

What were some basic christian values?

A
  • one god,
  • virtuous life dedicated to god
  • fellowship among believers
  • life of poverty better for holiness
  • spiritual equality of all
243
Q

How did Christianity interact with Greco-roman religions

A

syncretism- christmas moved

AP World History (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions