Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Sublimation
Solid -> Gas
skips liquid stage
Deposition
Gas -> Solid
Skips liquid stage
Coefficients
Number that shows how many molecules of a substance are involved in a chemical reaction.
Ex) 2H2O
^Coeff. 1sts 2
Molecule
Smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of that substance - more than 1 element
ex) H20 -> H2 + O
Chemical Bond
Force of attraction that holds atoms together.
Energy Level
Place in electron is most likely to be found (rings)
2, 8, 18, 32
Atomic Mass
Total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom
bottom
Electron
- neg charge
- electron cloud (found in)
of electrons = atomic # unless its unbalanced
Al^3+ (charge of 3)
^Means 3 more protons than electrons. Atomic # - charge = electrons
Vice Verca 3- means 3 more electrons than atomic #
Neutrons
- no charge
- nucleus
of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
Proton
- charge
- nucleus
# of protons in element is ALWAYS the atomic number
ex) Carbon (6) = 6 PROTONS
Nucleus
Center of atom where protons and neutrons are found
Element
Substance that CANNOT be chemically broken down into simpler substances
ex) Hydrogen, Helium, etc.
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Atom
Smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element
think bohrs model
Chemical Reaction
Process in which new substances with new chem and phys properties are formed.
reactant : substance changed
product: substance formed
Plasma
state of matter made up of electrically charged particles
needs high temp and high pressure
Gas
No definite shape or volume
Liquid
Definite volume, indefinite shape
Solid
Definite shape, definite volume
Non Metal (properties)
- brittle
- bad conductor
- not malleable
- not shiny
Metal properties
- shiny
- luster
- ductility
- malleability
- ductile
Luster
glaze/reflective
Ductitlity
Stretch, bend in response to stress
Malleability
Bend (typically affected by hammering or “mallet”) ability to be hammered into different shapes.
Ductile
Ability to be drawn into thin wires
Noble Gases
Elements that make up group 18 (last group on right of periodic table)
Halogens
Elements that make up group 17 (2nd to last group on right of periodic table)
Compound
2 elements mixed together to create a substance
ex) NaCl
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Mixtures
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and are not easily distinguished.
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which different components can be distinguished easily
Filtration
the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
Evaportation
The change of state from a liquid to a gas to separate a homogeneous mixture.
Distillation
A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Compound Formula
Represents the combination of two or more elements.
Symbol= tells you the element
Subscript (#)= tells you the # of atoms
To separate mixtures
- Magnetism
- Filtration
- Distillation
- Evaporation
- Manual
Signals Chemical Reaction
- color change
- bubbling/gas formation
- temperature change
- formation of a solid
Color
Physical Property
Flammability
Chemical property
Digestibility
chemical property
Density
Physical Property
Sig Fig Rules
\+ 1-9 Always count \+ Zeros Between two numbers 1-9 COUNT ex) 607 has 3 sig figs \+ Zeros following numbers do NOT count ex) 47, 000 has 2 sig figs
+ If it has a decimal, find the leftmost non zero number. Numbers to the left do NOT count, but ALL numbers to the right count
ex) 8410.00 has 6 sig figs
ex) 0.130 L has 3 sig figs (the first 0 does not count because it is on the left of the leftmost nonzero number
ex) 0.008320 has 4 sig figs
Isotope
atom with same number of protons but dif number of neutrons (same element)
