Unit 1 VOCAB

Question 1

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 1

technique to obs. behaviors based on hereditary gene and experiences

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

the biologist that studied evolution of finch birds and dev. the theory/statement of natural selection

Question 3

Natural Selection

Answer 3

evolution/extinction based on survival of the fittest

Question 4

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 4

Study of evolution of behavior and mind by principles of natural selection

Question 5

Behavior Genetics

Answer 5

Relative power & limits of genetic & environmental influences on behavior

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

Random error in genetic replication which causes a change

Question 7

Environment

Answer 7

Every nongenetic influence (ex: nutrition or ppl. around us)

Question 8

Heredity

Answer 8

Genetic transfer from parent to offspring

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

Biochemical units of heredity

Question 10

Identical (monozygotic) twins

Answer 10

Dev. from single fertile egg and split on two to create two genetically identical orgs.

Question 11

Fraternal (dizygotic) twins

Answer 11

Dev. from two fertile eggs and have the same gene connection as regular sibs

Question 12

Interaction

Answer 12

interplay that occurs when effect of one factor(environment) depends on another (heredity)

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

“above” or “in addition” to genetics: study of environmental influence on gene expression that occur w/out DNA change

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

body’s speedy electrochemical communication network (nerves, peripheral & central nervous systems)

Question 15

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

Answer 15

neurons that carry info from body tissue to brain/spinal cord

Question 16

Motor (efferent) Neurons

Answer 16

carry outgoing info to brain/spinal cord

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

Neurons w/in brain; communicate internally and process info b/w sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 18

Somatic Nervous System
(Skeletal Nervous System)

Answer 18

division of peripheral nervous systems that control body’s skeletal muscles

Question 19

Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 19

part of peripheral nervous system; controls gland & muscles of internal organs (Sympathetic division arouses & parasympathetic calms

Question 20

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Answer 20

division of automatic Nervous system that calms the body/preserving energy

Question 21

Reflex

Answer 21

automatic response to sensory stimulus (ex: knee-jerk)

Question 22

Neuron

Answer 22

a nerve cell; basic building block of nervous system

Question 23

Cell body

Answer 23

part of neuron that contains nucleus; cells life support center

Question 24

Dendrites

Answer 24

a neurons of ten bushy branching extensions that receive integrate messages, conducting impulses to cells body

Question 25

Axon

Answer 25

neuron extension that passes messages through branches to or neurons/muscles/glands

Question 26

Myelin Sheath

Answer 26

Sheath. a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing axons of neurons; enables transmission speed as a neuron impulses hop from one nod to the next

Question 27

Glial Cells

Answer 27

cells in nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning thinking and memory

Question 28

Action Potential

Answer 28

Neural impulse; a brief electrical charge they travels down an axon

Question 29

Threshold

Answer 29

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 30

Refractory Period

Answer 30

(1). in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after neuron has fired; subsequent action potential cannot occur until axon returns to resting state. (2) in human sexuality; a resting period which occurs after orgasm, cannot have another orgasm

Question 31

All-Or None Response

Answer 31

A neurons reaction of either firing (with a full strength response) or not firing

Question 32

Synapse

Question 33

Neurotransmitters

Question 34

Reuptake

Question 35

Endorphins

Question 36

Agonists