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Gov Unit 1 > Unit 1: Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1: Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Unalienable Rights

A

Human rights based on nature or god. It is a right you are born with.

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2
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

In Massachusetts, farmers seized control of court buildings preventing the state government from taking possessions of their farms. Their plan was to march to Boston and confront the Massachusetts government.

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3
Q

Virginia Plan

A

The Virginia plan purposed a strong central government composed of three branches the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative would have two houses one elected by the people and the other elected by state legislature. This would give the bigger states more say in congress.

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4
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Was a proposal for a weak national government designed to protect the security and power of the small states by limiting each state to one vote in congress.

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5
Q

Great Compromise

A

An agreement made among the delegates at the constitutional convention to have two houses: the senate where each state has two senators (small states) and the house of representatives based on population (big states)

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6
Q

Republic

A

A form of government where the people elect or chose their leaders. This is under the belief that government officials should mediate not mirror popular views and elected officials should represent not register majority sediments.

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7
Q

Federalism

A

Government authority is shared by national and local government.

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8
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

Powers given to the national government alone.

-authority to print money
-declare war and make treaties
-conduct foreign affairs
-regulate commerce among states and foreign nations

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9
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers given only to the states

-issue licenses
-regulate fully in state commerce

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10
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared between the states and the federal government

-collect taxes
-burrowing money
-maintaining courts

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11
Q

Checks and Balances

A

The constitutional ability of multiple branches to limit each others powers

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12
Q

Separation of powers

A

The divisions of governmental responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any branch from exercising the core functions of another. Under the idea that everyone is always trying to take the upper hand.

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13
Q

Federalist views

A

Called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with great britain in opposition to revolutionary france.

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14
Q

Anti-Federalist view

A

They opposed a strong central government and the ratification of the constitution. They believed that liberty could only be secured in a small republic in which the rulers were physically close to and checked by the ruled.

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15
Q

Extended or Large Republic

A

The number of voters and candidates are greater which makes it more likely to elect a competent representative and stop negativity from spreading. It is also more diverse so there were be a wider range of opinions and it is easier to meet the needs of the whole.

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16
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

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17
Q

The purpose of the Bill of Rights

A

To fulfill the promise of amending the document.

  • Protect our most cherished freedoms
    -Protect our rights from the federal government
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, and assembly; the right to petition the government.

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20
Q

2nd Amendment

A

The right to bear arms

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21
Q

4th Amendment

A

No unreasonable searches and seizures

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22
Q

5th Amendment

A

A grand Jury indictment is required to prosecute a person for a serious crime; no double jeopardy; no forcing a person to testify against themselves; no loss of life, liberty, or property without due process.

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23
Q

6th Amendment

A

The right to a speedy, public, and impartial trial with a defense council and right to cross examine witnesses.

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24
Q

10th Amendment

A

Powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states.

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25
Q

Double Jeopardy

A

Being tried for the same crime twice.

26
Q

3/5 compromise

A

Slaves were valued as 3/5 of any free person.

-Slaves were able to be imported until 1808
-If a slave escaped to a free state they could be returned to their owners.

27
Q

Weaknesses of the articles of confederation

A

-Could not levy taxes or regulate commerce
-Each state maintained independence and sovereignty
-Each state got 1 vote, 9/13 votes were needed to pass, delegates were picked and payed for by the state
-There was little money and they had a small army.

28
Q

Growth in the role of the federal government

A

The federal government has taken on the responsibilities that traditionally were the province of state governments.

29
Q

Definition of Federalism in the U.S.

A

A political system in which the national government shares power with the local governments

30
Q

Founding Fathers reasons for choosing federalism

A

Federalism was the one device whereby personal liberty was to be protected

31
Q

Founding Fathers views on how federalism would work

A

State and Federal governments are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people constituted with different powers. A federation derives its powers directly from the people as do the state governments. Both levels of government would have certain powers but neither would have supreme authority over the other.

32
Q

Hamilton’s view on federalism

A

The people could shift their support between the federal and state government in order to keep the two in balance.

33
Q

Hamilton’s View on Sovereignty

A

Since the people had created the national government and since the laws and treaties made pursuant to the constitution were the supreme law of the land, and since the most pressing needs were the development of a national economy and the conduct of foreign affairs, Hamilton thought that the national government was the superior and leading force in political affairs and its power ought to be broadly defined and liberally construed.

34
Q

Jefferson’s views on sovereignty

A

The federal government though important was the product of an agreement among the states and though the people were the ultimate sovereigns the principal threat to their liberties was likely to come from the national government.

35
Q

Nullification

A

The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the states opinion, violates the constitution.

36
Q

Dual Federalism

A

The doctrine holds that the national government is supreme in its sphere, that states are supreme in theirs and the two spheres should be kept seperate.

37
Q

Unitary System

A

One single central government has total power over all other political subdivisions

38
Q

Virtues of federalism

A

It creates separate self-sustaining centers of power, prestige, and profit. Political power is locally acquired by people whose careers depend for the most part on satisfying local interests.

39
Q

Vices of federalism

A

To some, it is allowing states to block action prevent progress, upset national plans, protect powerful local interests, and cater to the self interest of hack politicians.

Maintain racial segregation, protect vested interests, and facilitate corruption.

Can be dominated by a single faction.

40
Q

Effect of federalism on factions

A

Independent state and local governments means that different political groups pursuing different political purposes will come to power.

41
Q

Effect of federalism on political activity

A

People will more often participate in politics if they feel like they can make a difference. There is a greater chance of being able to make an impact if there are many elected officials and independent governmental bodies each with relatively small continuities.

42
Q

Grants-in-aid

A

money given by the national government to the states

43
Q

How grants-in-aid grew

A

Started as land grants given by the national government in order to finance education. Almost as early, cash grants were given to states to pay for their militias. Today, federal grants go to hundreds of programs.

44
Q

4 reasons why grants-in-aid grew

A
  1. Helped state and local officials resolve dilemmas
  2. For state officials the money was there due to high tariffs washington in the 1880s had a huge budget surplus.
  3. The federal government, unlike the states, managed the currency and could print more at will but it was in no obligation to pay it all back. All the money states borrowed they would have to pay back
  4. Politics - federal money to a state official was free money. Governors did not propose, collect, or take responsibility for federal taxes.
45
Q

Categorical Grants

A

Money given to the states for a specific purpose such as building an airport

46
Q

Block Grants

A

A chunk of money given to the states for them to decide what to spend it on

47
Q

Why categorical grants have grown more than block grants

A
  1. the amount of money available did not grow as fast
  2. The federal government increased the number of strings attatched to supposedly unrestricted money of block aid
  3. Congress and the federal bureaucracy liked categorical grants for the same reasons that the states disliked them and because of the they grew more slowly. The specificity increased federal control over how the money was used.
  4. Block grants were so broad that one single group had vital stake in pressing for their enlargement.
48
Q

Devolution

A

The transfer of power from the national government back to the state and local governments

49
Q

Reasons for devolution

A

Way to scale back the nation government.
congress liked voting for federal programs so they could take advantage of them.
there are times when the political ideas in a region vary too much to reside under the same laws and policies.

50
Q

Factions

A

A group of people with common interests.

51
Q

Republicanism

A

Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic with an emphasis on liberty and the civic virtue practiced by citizens.

52
Q

extended sphere of influence

A

a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military or political exclusivity

53
Q

Dual Federalism

A

a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

54
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

Recognizes overlapping functions of the national and state governments

55
Q

How does dual federalism work

A

Minimal Federal Role

10th amendment- reserved powers

A strict definition of interstate commerce

56
Q

How does cooperative federalism work?

A

Increasingly expansive view of interstate commerce

States increasingly reliant on federal money

Fed pushes National policy goals

57
Q

Conditions of aid

A

Government uses their money to make the states do something that they want like in wisconsin making them raise the drinking age to have their roads systems paid for.

58
Q

Unfunded mandates

A

Requirements from the government that they do not pay for

59
Q

New Federalism or Devolution

A

Returning the power back to the states

60
Q

How do they redefine federalism

A

Use block grants over categorical grants

Revenue sharing

61
Q

Revenue sharing

A

The federal government pays part and the state matches it.

Gov Unit 1 (6 decks)

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