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Hereditary 2022 Loflin > Unit 1 vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

oogenis

A

formation or maturation of an egg

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2
Q

polyploidy

A

hereditary condition where an person has more than 2 sets of chromosomes

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3
Q

inversion

A

chromosome defect where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in a reverse direction.

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4
Q

karyotype

A

complete set of chromosomes

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5
Q

gene locus

A

specific fixed position on a chromosome where a gene marker can be located

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6
Q

central dogma

A

theory that says gentic info flows in ONE direction

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7
Q

Life cycle of somatic cells

A

All human cells are somatic except egg and sperm (mitosis)

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8
Q

multifactoral disorders

A

stem from a combination of gene mutations and other lifestyle factors

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9
Q

principle of segregation

A

describes pairs of gene variants that separate into reproductive cells

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10
Q

linkage

A

closeness of genes and other DNA sequences (same chromosome)

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11
Q

principle of independent assortment

A

describes different genes and seperates them when reproductive cells develop.

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12
Q

aneuploidy

A

condition having an abnormal number of chromosome in haploid set

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13
Q

regions of a chromosome

A

any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.

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14
Q

expressivitiy

A

relates to intensity of a phenotype (capacity too)

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15
Q

translocations

A

genetic change where one chromosome breaks then attaches to another chromosome.

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16
Q

polymorphism

A

presence of 2 or more forms of a specific DNA sequence (can occur in populations)

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17
Q

gametes

A

mature male or female germ cell that is capable of fusing with a gamete from the opp sex.

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18
Q

recombination

A

process where DNA is broken and recombined to make new combinations

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19
Q

deletions

A

removal of at least 1 nucleotide in a gene

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20
Q

chromatin

A

complex protein and DNA in eukaryotic cells

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21
Q

chromosome

A

long strand of DNA w part or all of the genetic material

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22
Q

chromatid

A

one of the copies of chromosomes (half)

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23
Q

penetrance

A

proportion of people/individuals carrying a certain gene

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24
Q

spermatogenis

A

production/development of the sperm

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25
Q

alleles

A

variation of the nucleotides at the same place in DNA

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26
Q

pedigree

A

inheritance of certain genes/traits from the family tree

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27
Q

autosomes

A

1 of the numbered chromosome (not sex)

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28
Q

translation process

A

ribosomes synthesize proteins after transcription

29
Q

sex linked trait

A

found strictly one type of chromosome (ex colorblindness)

30
Q

types of mutations

A

alteration in nucleic acid sequence

31
Q

nondisjunction

A

failure for chromosomes to separate during cell division

32
Q

protein synthesis

A

uses protein and genetic code to transcribe and make more protein

33
Q

gene splicing

A

to repair recombinant DNA

34
Q

what is the order of mitosis

A

PMAT—> prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

35
Q

what are the 3 parts of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

36
Q

is DNA normally relaxed or coiled

A

relaxed

37
Q

what phase do chromosomes coil

A

prophase

38
Q

when do spindle fibers appear

A

prophase

39
Q

what stage does the nuclear membrane break down

A

prometaphase

40
Q

when do the spindlefibers pull chromosomes towards center of cell (they attach to the middle of the chromosomes)

A

prometaphase

41
Q

what stage do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

A

metaphase

42
Q

what stage are the chromatids pulled apart by the spindle fibers (opp side of cell)

A

anaphase

43
Q

when does the nuclear envelope redevelop around the sets of chromosomes

A

telophase

44
Q

what stage do the chromosomes begin to uncoil again

A

telophase

45
Q

when do the spindle fibers dissemble (what phase)

A

telophase

46
Q

what stage of the chromosomes on opposite poles of the cell

A

telophase

47
Q

what stage do 2 identical daughter cells exist

A

cytokinesis

48
Q

difference between codon and anticodon

A

codon is in mRNA , while anticodon found in tRNA

49
Q

do polypeptides make proteins

A

yes

50
Q

what does transcription do

A

transcription is when DNA is copied to RNA

51
Q

what does translation do

A

translation is when RNA produces proteins

52
Q

does DNA have uracil

A

no

53
Q

does RNA have thymine

A

no

54
Q

what is a nucleic acid

A

nucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides(a,t,g,c,u,)

55
Q

what are the types of nucleotides

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

56
Q

What are the purines

A

AG (adenine and guanine)

57
Q

what are the pyrimidine

A

TC (thymine, cytosine)

58
Q

what info comes from karyotype

A

chromsome abnormalities can be detected. EX) birth defects, genetic diseases, and blood disorders.

59
Q

what is a chromosome

A

structure protein and is a nucleic acid that deals w genetic info

60
Q

where is the chromatin formed

A

histones; made of nucleosomes. Chromatin packages the DNA double helix

61
Q

do chromosomes contain genes

A

yes

62
Q

what does a chromosome do

A

chromosomes help carry out cellular functions

63
Q

what does a chromatid do

A

is an identical strand (2) that make up a chromosome

64
Q

are genes and DNA the same

A

no; DNA makes up genes

65
Q

what kind of cells does mitosis make

A

2 diploid daughter cells

66
Q

what kind of cells does meiosis make

A

4 haploid cells

67
Q

what kind of cells are somatic cells (diploid or haploid)

A

diploid

68
Q

what kind of cells are germ cells ( diploid or haploid)

A

haploid

69
Q

are gametes associated with mitosis or meiosis

A

meiosis

Hereditary 2022 Loflin (2 decks)

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