Unit 1 Topic 4 - Human Consciousness and Sleep Flashcards
Outline the continuum of arousal from sleep to hyperarousal (1.4.1.1)
Sleep Daydreaming Divided Attention (automatic) Selected Attention (controlled) Hyperarousal
Define arousal (1.4.1.1)
a state of being physically awake and alert
Distinguish between selective + divided attention (1.4.1.2)
Selective - full attention on one stimulus
Divided - attention focused on multiple stimuli
How does brain structures and hormones regulate and direct consciousness (1.4.1.3)
The cerebrum, with its cerebral cortex, gives us conscious control of our actions.
Hypothalamus - regulates consciousness
Pituitary Gland - releases hormones that target specific glands and tissues in the body
Recall the techniques used to measure consciousness (1.4.1.4)
EEG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain in the form of brain waves
EMG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of muscles
EOG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of muscles that allow the eye to move
Describe the sleep wake cycle with reference to REM and NREM sleep (1.4.1.5)
NREM SLEEP:
stage 1 - drifting in and out of sleep, HR/BR irregular, body temp normal, muscle relatively tense
stage 2 - light sleep, slower and more regular HR/BR, body temp lower, lower muscle tension
stage 3 - moderately deep sleep, as above
stage 4 - deep sleep, slow and regular HR/BR, body temp lowest, low muscle tension (relaxed)
REM SLEEP:
light sleep, HR&BR increases & fluctuates, body temp unregulated
Compare restoration and evolutionary theories of sleep (1.4.1.6)
Restoration - REPLENISH, to recharge, grow and recover from physical and psychological work during the day, explains why sleep is important
Evolutionary - to increase chances of survival, explains when and why different species sleep
*restoration is more favourable theory
Summarise changes in the sleep-wake cycle across the life span, including the sleep-wake shift (1.4.1.7)
Mary Carskadon (2011)
STUDY: demonstrated that students with a later start time, getting almost one hour more sleep, are
less sleepy during the day and are showing improved grades
- as age increases, sleep decreases
(most likely response to data question)
Explain the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on concentration and mood (1.4.1.8)
Partial - not getting enough sleep to meet you needs
Total - not sleeping for an entire 24-hour period
Sleep deprivation lowers concentration and negatively effects a persons mood.
Compare the following sleep disorders (1.4.1.9)
- Narcolepsy
- Sleep-Onset Insomnia
- Sleep Apnoea
- Sleep Walking
Narcolepsy - causes sudden and unexpected sleeping
Sleep-Onset Insomnia - causes difficulty falling asleep
Sleep Apnoea - cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep Walking - walking whilst asleep
Evaluate the following treatments for sleep disorders (1.4.1.10)
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Bright Light Therapy
CBT - focuses on breaking unhealthy patterns and replace these with positive habits and coping skills
BLT - high-intensity light to advance or delay sleep, hence, treating circadian rhythm disorders
List and define the biological rhythms of sleep
no syllabus link
circadian - 24 hours, balance of sleep and wakefulness
infradian - more than 24 hours
ultradian - less than 24 hours
