Unit 1 Topic 4 - Human Consciousness and Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline the continuum of arousal from sleep to hyperarousal (1.4.1.1)

A
Sleep
Daydreaming
Divided Attention (automatic)
Selected Attention (controlled)
Hyperarousal
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2
Q

Define arousal (1.4.1.1)

A

a state of being physically awake and alert

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3
Q

Distinguish between selective + divided attention (1.4.1.2)

A

Selective - full attention on one stimulus

Divided - attention focused on multiple stimuli

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4
Q

How does brain structures and hormones regulate and direct consciousness (1.4.1.3)

A

The cerebrum, with its cerebral cortex, gives us conscious control of our actions.

Hypothalamus - regulates consciousness

Pituitary Gland - releases hormones that target specific glands and tissues in the body

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5
Q

Recall the techniques used to measure consciousness (1.4.1.4)

A

EEG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain in the form of brain waves
EMG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of muscles
EOG - detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of muscles that allow the eye to move

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6
Q

Describe the sleep wake cycle with reference to REM and NREM sleep (1.4.1.5)

A

NREM SLEEP:
stage 1 - drifting in and out of sleep, HR/BR irregular, body temp normal, muscle relatively tense
stage 2 - light sleep, slower and more regular HR/BR, body temp lower, lower muscle tension
stage 3 - moderately deep sleep, as above
stage 4 - deep sleep, slow and regular HR/BR, body temp lowest, low muscle tension (relaxed)
REM SLEEP:
light sleep, HR&BR increases & fluctuates, body temp unregulated

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7
Q

Compare restoration and evolutionary theories of sleep (1.4.1.6)

A

Restoration - REPLENISH, to recharge, grow and recover from physical and psychological work during the day, explains why sleep is important
Evolutionary - to increase chances of survival, explains when and why different species sleep
*restoration is more favourable theory

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8
Q

Summarise changes in the sleep-wake cycle across the life span, including the sleep-wake shift (1.4.1.7)

Mary Carskadon (2011)

A

STUDY: demonstrated that students with a later start time, getting almost one hour more sleep, are
less sleepy during the day and are showing improved grades
- as age increases, sleep decreases
(most likely response to data question)

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9
Q

Explain the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on concentration and mood (1.4.1.8)

A

Partial - not getting enough sleep to meet you needs
Total - not sleeping for an entire 24-hour period

Sleep deprivation lowers concentration and negatively effects a persons mood.

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10
Q

Compare the following sleep disorders (1.4.1.9)

  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleep-Onset Insomnia
  • Sleep Apnoea
  • Sleep Walking
A

Narcolepsy - causes sudden and unexpected sleeping
Sleep-Onset Insomnia - causes difficulty falling asleep
Sleep Apnoea - cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep Walking - walking whilst asleep

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11
Q

Evaluate the following treatments for sleep disorders (1.4.1.10)

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
  • Bright Light Therapy
A

CBT - focuses on breaking unhealthy patterns and replace these with positive habits and coping skills
BLT - high-intensity light to advance or delay sleep, hence, treating circadian rhythm disorders

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12
Q

List and define the biological rhythms of sleep

no syllabus link

A

circadian - 24 hours, balance of sleep and wakefulness
infradian - more than 24 hours
ultradian - less than 24 hours

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