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BIOL 241 > Unit 1 Topic 2 - Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Unit 1 Topic 2 - Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What type of molecule has a better source of potential energy for a cell?

A

Non-polar covalent bonds

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2
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

The total amount of energy in a system and its surroundings remains constant

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3
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a system and its surroundings is always increasing

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4
Q

At the equilibrium point of an exercising reversible reaction,

A

An equal number of reactant molecules are being converted to products as there are product molecules being converted to reactants

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5
Q

What is true of exergonic reactions?

A

Free energy decreases as the reaction proceeds and the reactants have more free energy than the products

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6
Q

Is energy released or absorbed in the breakdown of complex molecules? (catabolic reaction)

A

Released

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7
Q

Why is ATP useful in living cells?

A

The free energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed can be used to drive endergonic cell functions

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8
Q

How do cells replenish ATP supplies?

A

By coupling endergonic ATP synthesis with exergonic catabolic reactions

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9
Q

In an exergonic reaction, activation energy is

A

The amount of energy that must be absorbed by reactants before the reaction can proceed

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10
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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11
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

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12
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy stores in an object because of its location or chemical structure

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13
Q

What is potential energy related to?

A

The position of electrons

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14
Q

The farther away an electron is from the nucleus of an atom, the greater or lesser its potential energy?

A

Great

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15
Q

Isolated system

A

Does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings

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16
Q

Closed system

A

System that exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings

17
Q

Open system

A

System that exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings

18
Q

Entropy

A

Tendency of energy to become dispersed or spread out

19
Q

Processes with a negative delta G are

A

Spontaneous and exergonic

20
Q

Processes with a positive delta G are

A

Endergonic and require free energy

21
Q

Exergonic reactions…

A

Release free energy and the reactants have more free energy than the products

22
Q

Diffusion is an example of an exergonic or endergonic reaction?

A

Exergonic. It is driven by the increase in entropy as molecules spread out and it is spontaneous!

23
Q

What happens at chemical equilibrium?

A

Reactants are converted to products and products are converted back to reactants at equal rates

24
Q

Living systems are highly organized but still follow the second law of thermodynamics… why?

A

They are open systems and use energy and matter from the surroundings. The entropy of the surroundings increases

25
Q

Why is a constant supply of energy (food) required to sustain life?

A

All biological molecules breakdown (entropy increases

26
Q

Metabolism

A

Biochemical modification and use of energy in the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules

27
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Releases the potential energy of a molecule in breaking it down to a simpler molecule (exergonic)

28
Q

Anabolic pathway

A

Uses energy to convert a simple molecule to a more complex molecule (endergonic)

29
Q

How does the cell make the endergonic reaction associated with ATP proceed spontaneously?

A

By coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP breakdown (which is not technically a hydrolysis reaction)

30
Q

In exergonic reactions, the products must have ___________ than the reactants

A

Less free energy

31
Q

Photosynthesis is an endergonic or exergonic process

A

Endergonic

32
Q

Enthalpy

A

The potential energy in a system

33
Q

Energy coupling

A

The process by which ATP is brought in close contact with a reactant molecule involved in an endergonic reaction, and when the ATP is hydrolyzed, the terminal phosphate group is transferred to the reactant molecule.

34
Q

Coupled reaction

A

Reaction that occurs when an exergonic reaction is joined to an endergonic reaction, producing an overall reaction that is exergonic

35
Q

ATP Cycle

A

Continued breakdown and resynthesis of ATP

36
Q

How do cells harness the energy of ATP to drive endergonic reactions?

A

Hydrolyze ATP and use the released phosphate group to phosphorylate a reactant in the endergonic reaction, thereby increasing the energy of the reactant and changing the reaction from a positive delta G to a negative delta G

37
Q

What happens to the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?

A

It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction

BIOL 241 (2 decks)

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