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History > Unit 1 Topic 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Topic 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Research and development

A
  • companies; to research ways of improving product

- universities; to learn and research ways to make better machines

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1
Q

What ways did industrial technology grow?

A
  • Iron to steel; steel is stronger and lasts
  • usage of oil; to lubricate machines
  • electricity; Thomas Edison’s invention from 1876 allowed businesses to stay powered
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2
Q

Railroad expansion

A
  • Railroad growth from 1860-1880
  • easier access to markets
  • development and industrial growth
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3
Q

Laissez-Faire

A
  • French meaning leave it alone/hands off
  • gov can’t make rules or regulations that businesses have to follow
  • Because of this businesses can grow
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4
Q

Protective tariffs

A
  • Tax on imported goods
  • encourages people to buy American goods
  • protective because it protects American goods
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6
Q

Previous way of doing business

A

Used to be owned by single family

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7
Q

Corporations

A

Multiple people own

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8
Q

Consolidating

A

To come together

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9
Q

Consolidating corporate America

A
  • horizontal integration
  • vertical integration
  • allowed businesses to cut cost
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10
Q

Horizontal integration

A

Bringing together businesses that do same thing as their business and make them into a corporation

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11
Q

Vertical integration

A

To take under one company all the steeps necessary for the business

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12
Q

Types of big business

A

Monopoles, trust, cartels

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13
Q

Monopolies

A

One corporation owns a big part of industry

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14
Q

Trusts

A

Trusting someone with decision making

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15
Q

Cartel

A

Business stays independently owned but all similar business must agree to set sales at one price

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16
Q

J. Piermont Morgan

A

Banker
Owned most powerful bank during gilded age
Able to be a trusty
Used finance to get many companies to trust him

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17
Q

Captains of industry

A
  • cornelious Vanderbilt
  • Andrew Carnegie
  • John D. Rockefeller
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18
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A
  • railroad industry
  • used to work at steamship and ferry business
  • sold ships and used money to buy NY railroads
  • expanded business by horizontal integration
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19
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A
  • delt with steel
  • used to work at a railroad business
  • made a new steel technology so it was faster, stronger, and cheaper
  • drove out of business all other steel companies
  • horizontally and vertically integrated
  • first to show how powerful a business can become with vertical and horizontal integration
  • got a trusty
20
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A
  • standard oil
  • got trusty
  • bought oil refinery plants
  • horizontal and vertical expansion
  • said he’d ship oil through one companies railroad if they jacked up the price for other oil companies
21
Q

Social Darwinism

A
  • came up with the idea of captain of the fitise
  • idea was if strong business survive, you survive. If not it sucks
  • a self made man
22
Q

Horatio Alger

A

A self made man

Wrote novels about self made men

23
Q

Robber barons

A
  • someone who obtained wealth with corruption

- not a self made man because he used questionable tactics

24
Q

Union

A

A group of workers who come together to demand better conditions

25
Q

Strike

A

Workers who stop working to get what they want

26
Q

Urbanization

A

Movement of people to cities

27
Q

Assimilate

A

Join into a new culture

28
Q

Captains of industry

A
  • lowered prices for consumers
  • increased industrial production
  • provided jobs and improved life
  • donated money to charity
30
Q

Wages and conditions

A
  • low wages and many hours; unskilled labor;400-500 a year needed at least 600 to get by; 12-14 hrs a day
  • job (in)security; easily fired;two major economic depression
  • health and safety; unsafe unsanitary; injuries and major sickness; packed closely together
  • no control for workers
  • woman workers; 70%; mostly textile jobs; $300 a year; lowered mans salary
  • child labored; 2 million worked
  • there were laws but they were worked around
31
Q

Struggle to unionize

A
  • up against big businesses
  • publics opinion(mostly against workers)
  • blacklisted workers
32
Q

Blacklisted workers

A

Workers who tried to start unions were fired and placed on the list and woulsnt get hired in other businesses

33
Q

The great railroad strike (1877)

A
  • RR company cut wages
  • rapidly spreading strike
  • violence by strikers
  • government intervention to stop strike
  • inspired workers to work/protest in a union
34
Q

Knights of labor (1869)

A
  • membership open to all workers
  • loosely organized; composed of many smaller unions; let each labor do its own thing
  • demands; tried getting workers to join Union; held parades; to reform economic system
38
Q

Post civil war immigration

A
  • don’t speak English
  • no skills; no education
  • workers who accept low pay; providing industrial growth
39
Q

Robber barons

A
  • business growth happened by dishonesty
  • small businesses were put out of business
  • increased gap between rich and poor
  • power to raise prices when they want
  • political corruption; paying off congress to they’d keep their hands off
40
Q

Blacklisted workers

A

Workers who tried to start unions were fired and placed on the list and wouldn’t get hired in other businesses

41
Q

The great railroad strike (1877)

A
  • RR company cut wages
  • Rapidly spreading strike
  • Violence by strikers
  • government intervention
  • inspired workers to work/protest in a union
42
Q

Knights of labor (1869)

A
  • membership open to all workers

- loosely organized(composed of many smaller unions;let each labor do its own thing)

43
Q

Demands for knights of labor

A
  • actively tried to get workers to join their union
  • held parades to persuade to join
  • to reform economic system
  • “workers are Slave to their wage”
  • wanted a worker to be part owner of the company which means more pride more say more money, men and woman to get paid the same
44
Q

Radical tendencies at the local level

A
  • more fiercmess in the local compared to the knifes of labor
  • problem is they hired too many workers because each ethnicity had different demands
45
Q

American Federation of Labor(1881)

A
  • Samuel Gompers
  • skilled Laborers
  • collective bargaining
  • willing to strike
46
Q

Demands for American Federal of Labor

A
  • safe conditions
  • higher wages
  • limit conditions
  • few women in work places as possible
  • government limits
  • 8 hour work day
47
Q

Haymaker square riot(1886)

A
  • striking workers rioted in Chicago
  • violence at haymarket square (workers vs. Government)
  • impact on Knights of labor and labor movement
48
Q

Homestead strike(1892)

A
  • strike of steel factory workers(steel becoming not skilled job)
  • wage cuts in steel industry
  • violent strike(fired them because of it and got new workers; prevented new workers to start new jobs; lasted long time after 4 months gov sent 8thousand people to break up strike)
  • government intervention(sided with businesses)
49
Q

Pullman strike(1894)

A
  • strike that worked at train cars
  • cut wages of workers so workers went on strike
  • American railway Union strike(started a sympathy strike to support their workers)
  • transportation in the US stopped
  • federal government intervention(workers said they won’t stop; arrested leaders; pointed guys at workers; federal injunction and court order; court order that workers must return)

History (8 decks)

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