Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically Flashcards
Carl Sauer
his study is basic to environmental geography; methods of landscape analysis provided a lens for interpreting cultural landscapes as being directly and indirectly altered over time as a result of human activity.
Mapmaking and its three elements
cartographers consider…. Simplification (shapes, colors, patterns to symbolize data); categorization (groups items into categories and assigns symbol for each one); induction (more info is represented on map than supplied)
Good-Homolosine Projection
double M, orange peel; DISTORTS shape of water, PRESERVES shape
Peters Projection
Land in South America and Africa are stretched out while Europe is compact. DISTORTS distance and shape, PRESERVES area; represents land and area completely; South America and Africa are stretched and large
Robinson Projection
rounded left and right sides; DISTORTS shape, area, distance, direction and PRESERVES shape and area; small amounts of distortion used by schools
Polar (Azimuthal) Projection
birds eye view; DISTORTS shape and area PRESERVES distance and direction; used by airline pilots; you cant see entire world
Mercator Projection
Greenland and Antarctica are huge compared to other maps; DISTORTS shape and area, PRESERVES distance; shows true direction; polar areas distorted
Reference Maps
show features related to location which can be natural or man-made (road maps, political maps, topographic maps)
Thematic Maps
maps based on a certain characteristic or theme (choropleth, dot density, graduated symbol, isoline map, cartograms, mental maps)
Choropleth Maps
color shading and tones represent different quantities or values.
Dot Maps
points show precise locations of specific observations or information.
Graduated Symbol (Proportional Symbol) Maps
symbols of different sizes are placed within an area to show the value or quantity of an item.
Isoline Maps
Lines connect points of equal value, such as temperature, rainfall, or elevation; lines of equal temperature are SOTHERMS, lines of equal rainfall are SOHYETS, lines of equal elevation are CONTOURS, contour lines are used on TOPOGRAPHIC maps.
Cartogram Maps
size and shape of areas distorted to show statistical data.
Cognitive (Mental) Maps
it is a cognitive or perceptual image of an area or landscape.
Site
What a location looks like
Situation
Why a location is important
Distance Decay
the farther away you get from a central place or place of origin, the less likely interaction will be with the central place.
Tobler’s Law
more interaction between places = more items in common between those places
Friction of Distance
the longer the distance between places, the less interaction and commonalities these places will have.
Formal Region
uniform region; area of space with boundary that possesses some homogeneous characteristic or uniformity; EX: cultural (common language or religion); political (boundary lines); environment (ecotones)
Functional Region
nodal region; organized around a focal point and ae defined by an activity across the region. EX: Pizza delivery areas are functional regions; pizza shop is node
Gravity Model
H. Carey; the laws of gravity are applicable in describing the attractive force that exists between two areas (cities). Large cities have greater drawing power for people than small cities. There is a breaking point for each city beyond which people will not be drawn to the city to meet their needs.
