Unit 1: Theme 2

Question 1

What is the definition of sorting things into groups based on similar features?

Answer 1

Classification

Question 2

What are the three main categories of living things?

Answer 2

• Plants
• Animals
• Microbes

Question 3

What is an evolutionary tree?

Answer 3

They are branched diagrams that show how different species have evolved from a common ancestor

Question 4

Interactions on how species depend on each other are called:

Answer 4

Ecological relationships

Question 5

What is the name for the place where an organism lives?

Answer 5

Habitat

Question 6

The name given to a habitat and all the organisms that live there is called:

Answer 6

Ecosystems

Question 7

Plants need nutrients to survive. The other two things they need are:

Answer 7

Sunlight and water

Question 8

Animals need mates to reproduce and suitable territory to live in. What two things do they need for growth?

Answer 8

Food and water

Question 9

Many different plants and animals can be found in a pond. The different populations of species live together in a:

Answer 9

Community

Question 10

Changes in the body to fit a habitat are:

Answer 10

Adaptation

Question 11

What are extremophiles?

Answer 11

Microorganisms that can survive in extreme environments.

Question 12

All living organisms have gradually developed, from a common ancestor, over millions of years. This process is called:

Answer 12

Evolution

Question 13

Fossils were formed when animal and plant remains were preserved in big rocks. What does this fossil record provide?

Answer 13

The evidence of evolution

Question 14

Through what process do organisms evolve?

Answer 14

Natural selection

Question 15

If a species is poorly adapted to its environment, it will eventually die out and therefore the species will become:

Answer 15

Extinct

Question 16

Extinction occurs naturally, but can also be caused by:

Answer 16

Human activity

Question 17

Phototropism means:

Answer 17

Growing towards light

Question 18

Gravitropism means:

Answer 18

Growing towards a source of gravity

Question 19

Auxins make parts of the plant grow _________ than others

Answer 19

Faster

Question 20

Weedkillers can use growth hormones to selectively kill weeds, by making them:

Answer 20

Grow too fast

Question 21

Rooting powder (a growth hormone) is pasted onto plant cuttings to promote:

Answer 21

Root growth

Question 22

Ethene (a plant hormone) is released onto fruits so they can:

Answer 22

Ripen quicker

Question 23

Biomass is the mass of all living material found in a/an:

Answer 23

Ecosystem

Question 24

Living organisms are divided into two groups. They are:

Answer 24

Producers and consumers

Question 24

Producers (plants and algae) make their own food by absorbing energy from the sun, converting it into __________ ________ through the process of photosynthesis

Answer 24

Chemical energy

Question 25

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Carbon Dioxide + Water ——-> Glucose + Oxygen

6CO₂ + 6H₂O ——-> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 26

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 26

Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+energy)

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —-> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+energy)

Question 27

Each next step in a food chain is known as the:

Answer 27

Trophic level

Question 28

What does a food web show?

Answer 28

A series of interlinked food chains

Question 29

The energy gained by a plant from the sun is used for:

Answer 29

• Growth
• Increasing a plants biomass
• Providing food for consumers

Question 30

When one organism eats another, only around __% of the energy is transferred.

Answer 30

10

Question 31

Energy is wasted when an organism eats another because:

Answer 31

• Not all parts of a plant or animal may be eaten
• Not all parts of the plant or animal can be digested
• Energy is lost from the body in urine (waste products)

Question 32

What process converts light energy into chemical energy in a plant?

Answer 32

Photosynthesis

Question 33

A ________ ___ _______ shows the population at each level in a food chain

Answer 33

Pyramid of numbers

Question 34

What are decomposers?

Answer 34

Microorganisms that have enzymes that can break down waste from animals and corpses into nutrients, some of which are used for the growth of the organism, and others are released into the environment.

Question 35

What is the equation for calculating biomass in a trophic level?

Answer 35

Total biomass = mass of an organism x the number of organisms in total.

Question 36

What are detritivores?

Answer 36

Small animals that speed up the breakdown of decomposing materials by shredding dead material into pieces that makes it easier for decomposers to break down. (Includes earthworms, maggots and woodlice)

Question 37

What are the different processes in nutrient cycling?

Answer 37

Plants take nutrients from soil =>
Animals eat plants and absorb nutrients =>
Decomposers release the nutrients back into the soil when the animals/plants die, where the nutrients are absorbed by plants once more.

Question 38

What conditions do decomposers work most efficiently in?

Answer 38

Warm
Moist
Rich in oxygen