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Science B AQA > Unit 1: Theme 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1: Theme 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are telescopes used for?

A

To observe stars and other distant objects.

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2
Q

How do telescopes work?

A

Collect light and make it into a brighter, bigger image.

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a ground-based telescope? (2)

A
  • Can be updated, maintained and visited easily.

* Cheaper

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4
Q

What are the advantages of a space-based telescope?

A

• Clearer image -> No atmosphere or light pollution

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5
Q

What waves do some stars and planets emit?

A

Radio waves

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6
Q

What waves do newly formed stars and dust clouds emit?

A

Microwaves

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7
Q

What waves do ground-based telescopes detect? (3)

A
  • Visible light
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves

(These all pass through the atmosphere.)

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8
Q

What waves do space-based telescopes detect? (5)

A
  • Visible light
  • Infrared radiation
  • Ultraviolet radiation
  • X-Rays
  • Gamma rays
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9
Q

What do space probes do?

A

Travel through solar system -> Land on planets -> Send back data

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10
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

Waves from objects moving away appear to stretch.

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11
Q

What has a longer wavelength, red or blue light?

A

Red

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12
Q

What is red-shift and how does it work?

A

Object moves away -> Light wavelengths are stretched -> Waves appear more red (because red has longer WL) -> Object appears red

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13
Q

What waves do space-based telescopes detect? (5)

A
  • Visible light
  • Infrared radiation
  • Ultraviolet radiation
  • X-Rays
  • Gamma rays
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14
Q

What do space probes do?

A

Travel through solar system -> Land on planets -> Send back data

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15
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

Waves from objects moving away appear to stretch.

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16
Q

What has a longer wavelength, red or blue light?

A

Red

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17
Q

What is red-shift and how does it work?

A

Object moves away -> Light wavelengths are stretched -> Waves appear more red (because red has longer WL) -> Object appears red

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18
Q

How does red-shift show which galaxies are moving away faster?

A

Galaxies that are moving away faster must have a greater red-shift effect.

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19
Q

How do we know that the universe is expanding?

A

Galaxies are moving away from the earth in all directions.

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20
Q

What was the Big Bang?

A

The theory that about 14 billion years ago all matter was once squashed into a tiny place and then a huge expansion began.

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21
Q

What is cosmic background radiation?

A
  • Weak microwave signal
  • Arriving at earth from all directions
  • Remains of radiation from BB
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22
Q

What is a star?

A

A ball of immensely hot, glowing gas.

23
Q

What is a planet’s path around a star called?

A

Orbit

24
Q

2000 years ago, what did people think the solar system looked like?

A
  1. Earth, Moon and stars orbited a ‘central fire’
    OR
  2. Sun, Moon and planets orbited the Earth
25
Q

What shape is an orbit?

A

An ellipse (squashed circle).

26
Q

Name the planets in order.

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
27
Q

What was the Big Bang?

A

The theory that about 14 billion years ago all matter was once squashed into a tiny place and then a huge expansion began.

28
Q

What is cosmic background radiation?

A
  • Weak microwave signal
  • Arriving at earth from all directions
  • Remains of radiation from BB
29
Q

What is a star?

A

A ball of immensely hot, glowing gas.

30
Q

What is a planet’s path around a star called?

A

Orbit

31
Q

2000 years ago, what did people think the solar system looked like?

A
  1. Earth, Moon and stars orbited a ‘central fire’
    OR
  2. Sun, Moon and planets orbited the Earth
32
Q

What shape is an orbit?

A

An ellipse (squashed circle).

33
Q

Name the planets in order.

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
34
Q

What is a mnemonic for remembering the order of the planets?

A 
My (Mercury)
Very (Venus)
Excellent (Earth)
Mother (Mars)
Just (Jupiter)
Served (Saturn)
Us (Uranus)
Nipples (Neptune)

OR

My (Mercury)
Very (Venus)
Easy(Earth)
Method (Mars)
Just(Jupiter)
Speeds(Saturn)
Up (Uranus)
Naming (Neptune)
35
Q

What is our galaxy called?

A

Milky Way

36
Q

Why is it likely that there are other planets in our galaxy that can sustain life?

A

Because there may be other planets that can sustain liquid water, which is necessary for life to develop.

37
Q

What was the Earth like when it first formed?

A

A molten ball

38
Q

What happened when the molten Earth began to cool?

A

The heavier materials sank and the lighter ones rose.

39
Q

How do geologists learn about the structure of the Earth?

A

Studying the vibrations caused by earthquakes.

40
Q

Describe the structure of the Earth, from centre to the outside.

A 
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Atmosphere
41
Q

What metals is the core made from?

A

Iron and Nickel

42
Q

What causes convection currents?

A

Nuclear reactions deep in the Earth heat up the mantle.

43
Q

What causes tectonic tiles to move?

A

Convection currents

44
Q

What happens when one plate slips under another?

A

It melts and the molten rock rises back to the surface, forming a volcano.

45
Q

What can happen when two plates slip past each other?

A

Strong forces can build up and a sudden slip can cause an earthquake.

46
Q

Are earthquakes easy to predict?

A

No, but scientists are making advances.

47
Q

What was the earth’s early atmosphere like?

A
  • Gases released by volcanoes
  • Mainly CO2
  • Almost no oxygen
  • Bit of water vapour, ammonia, hydrogen and methane
48
Q

How did oceans form?

A

The water vapour cooled and condensed.

49
Q

How did life appear on earth?

A

The mixture of gases on the planet created amino acids - the molecules of life.

50
Q

How did oxygen form on earth?

A

The early plants and algae formed it through photosynthesis.

51
Q

What are the main gases in today’s atmosphere?

A
  • Nitrogen and oxygen
  • Small amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapour
  • Traces of gases such as argon
52
Q

What do greenhouse gases do?

A

Trap energy in the atmosphere.

53
Q

What happens to waves from the sun when they hit the Earth?

A

The energy is in the form of SHORT-WAVE RADIATION and INFRARED. The Earth then emits this in the form of LONG-WAVE RADIATION (INFRARED) which is absorbed by greenhouse gases. This warms the atmosphere.

54
Q

Are greenhouse gases good for the Earth?

A

They keep the Earth warm enough for life, but too much GH gases can cause global warming and extreme changes to weather patterns. This is called CLIMATE CHANGE.

Science B AQA (3 decks)

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