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UTS > UNIT 1: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES > Flashcards

UNIT 1: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES Flashcards

1
Q

what is the “self” ?

A

it is not something that one finds, it is something that one creates

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2
Q

what is self understanding

A

it is the awareness and ability to understand one’s own actions

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3
Q

it is the study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking

A

philosophy

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4
Q

inquiry into the fundamental nature of the self

A

philosophical perspective

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5
Q

what is socrates’ view?

A

• human choice was motivated by the desire got happiness
• KNOW THYSELF
• the knowledge of oneself can be achieved through SOCRATIC METHOD

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6
Q

what is socratic method?

A

the dialogue between the soul and itself, or between a student and his teacher

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7
Q

what is plato’s view?

A

• good life requires a certain kind of knowledge and habituation to health emotional responses
• TRIPARTITE STRUCTURE OF THE SOUL
• believe soul exists before birth and after death

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8
Q

dualist view

A

the mind (or the soul) is comprised of a non-physical substance, while the body is constituted of the physical substance known as matter

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9
Q

3 parts of the soul according to plato

A

• reason
• appetite (physical urges)
• will (emotion, passion, spirit)

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10
Q

head, enables human to think, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS

A

rational soul

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11
Q

chest, enables person to experience EMOTIONAL FEELINGS

A

spiritual soul

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12
Q

abdomen, drives the human experience physical wants

A

appetitive soul

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13
Q

what is st. augustine’s view?

A

• knowledge of our true self entails knowledge of our divine origin and will enable us to return to it
• deeply rooted in christian faith
• turning in and upwards from body to soul, we will finally be able to transcends ourselves and get in touch with God

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14
Q

what is rene descartes’ view?

A

• cogito ergo sum
• i think therefore i am
• if i can think, therefore i must exist

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15
Q

2 dimensions of the self as:

A

• thinking entity and
• physical body

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16
Q

it is something that can exist independently (i.e mind)

A

substance

17
Q

what is john locke’s view?

A

• personal identity id a matter of psychological continuity
• “EMPTY MIND” / tabula rasa
• sensations and reflections being two sources of ideas

18
Q

what is David Hume’s view?

A

• perceptions are removed as i sleep
• insensible = i must not exist
• machine that may be turned on and off

19
Q

what is immanuel kant’s view?

A

• defend the heterogeneity of body and soul
• body = outer sense
• soul = inner sense
• “when we are conscious of ourselves as subject, we are conscious of ourselves as the single common subject”

20
Q

what is sigmund freud’s view?

A

the human psyche structured into 3 parts

21
Q

it is impulsive, response to the instincts, PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

A

id

22
Q

it is the decision making component, and operates according to the reality principle

A

ego

23
Q

control the id’s impulses, persuades the ego to turn to moralistic goals

A

super ego

24
Q

two systems of super ego

A

• conscience - to feel guilty
• ideal self - imaginary picture

25
Q

what is gilbert ryle’s view?

A

• dualist conception is analogous to the dualism
• human body - subject to the mechanical laws which govern bodies in space
• mind - processes are not accessible to other people

“only i am able to perceive the process of my mind”

• PRIVACY

26
Q

what is maurice merleu-ponty’s view?

A

• self embodied subjectivity
• “i live in my body”
• opposed the dualist
• we should turn our attention to the lived body

27
Q

what is paul churchland’s view?

A

• the self is the human brain
• when the brain is gone, there is no self
• ELIMINATIVE MATERIALISM

28
Q

what is eliminative materialism?

A

eliminate terminologies because it is not purely based on science, form a vocabulary based on neuroscience

29
Q

what is eliminative materialism to paul churchland?

A

ordinary folk psychology of the mind is wrong

UTS (11 decks)

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